Three Types of Stages托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案

Three Types of Stages托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案， 今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、Three Types of Stages托福红Delta听力原文：

Throughout the long history of theater,three basic types of stages have prevailed.Each of these styles has advantages and disadvantages,and each is good for certain types of plays.Let’s take a look at the three styles and see why each has been so successful.The three designs are(1)the proscenium or picture-frame stage,(2)the arena or circle stage,and(3)the thrust stage with three-quarter seating.

The first design,the proscenium stage,gets its name from the proscenium arch,the frame that sort of outlines the stage and separates it from the audience.The proscenium stage is also called the picture-frame stage because it looks like a large picture frame that the audience looks through to see the action of the play.The seats for the audience all face in the same direction,toward the stage at the front end of the theater.

The stage area of proscenium theaters is usually deep,and this allows for elaborate scenery and scene changes.Scenery pieces—called backdrops—are hung on ropes or cables at the rear,in layers,one behind the other.They’re called backdrops because they can be dropped into position and then raised again as necessary.The number of different backdrops possible allows the scene designer to create an extremely realistic set.

However,the proscenium arch also creates a distancing effect—which is an advantage for certain types of drama,but a disadvantage for others.The proscenium works really well for large-scale productions with lots of characters and action,but for some plays—for,example,close-up views of real life—the proscenium is sort of a barrier between the actors and the audience.

Next,the arena stage.In the past half-century,there’s been a movement to bring theater closer to real life...a movement toward more informal,more intimate theater.Thus,we have the arena stage—also called the circle theater or theater-in-the-round.In the arena theater,the stage is in the center of a square or circle,with seats for the audience around it on all sides.The actors are in the center,so everyone in the audience can be close to them.The effect is a sense of intimacy,a kind of closeness that comes whenever people form a circle.

The arena is the oldest style of theater.It’s interesting to note that almost all early theatrical performances were“in the round,”as ceremonies,rituals,and dances in all parts of the world took place in a circle.

One disadvantage of the arena theater is that,while its design allows for intimacy,it also makes it impossible to have elaborate scenery or scene changes.This lack of flexibility is one reason why the third style of theater has become very popular again.

The third design—the thrust stage—falls somewhere between the proscenium and the arena styles.In the thrust stage theater,the audience sits on three sides or in a half-circle,around a stage that sticks out into the center.Behind the stage is a stage house from which the actors enter and exit,and scenery is changed.The thrust stage is kind of a compromise between the proscenium and the arena styles.It combines the scenic features of the proscenium theater with the intimacy of the arena stage.

The formal English theaters of Shakespeare’s day were thrust stage theaters,and today it’s the most widely used of all the designs.Its advantages are obvious.It has the intimacy of three-quarter seating around the actors,and the stage house at the rear makes scene changes possible.Also,the fact that so many great dramatic works were written for it gives the thrust stage a prominent position among the other major forms.

二、Three Types of Stages托福听力中文翻译：

在漫长的戏剧历史中，有三种基本的舞台类型。这些风格各有优缺点，每种都适合某些类型的戏剧。让我们看看这三种风格，看看为什么它们都如此成功。这三种设计是（1）前台或相框舞台，（2）竞技场或圆形舞台，以及（3）四分之三座位的推力舞台。

第一种设计，前台舞台，得名于前台拱门，这种框架勾勒出舞台的轮廓，并将其与观众隔开。前台舞台也被称为画框舞台，因为它看起来像一个大画框，观众可以透过它来观看戏剧的动作。观众的座位都面向同一个方向，朝向剧院前端的舞台。

舞台前厅的舞台区域通常很深，这样可以进行精心的布景和场景变换。被称为背景的布景被层层地挂在后面的绳子或电缆上。它们被称为背景，因为它们可以被放置到位，然后根据需要再次升起。不同背景的数量允许场景设计师创建一个非常逼真的场景集。

然而，前台拱门也产生了一种疏远效果，这对某些类型的戏剧是有利的，但对其他类型的戏剧则是不利的。台前对于有大量角色和动作的大型制作非常有效，但对于一些戏剧，例如，真实生活的特写镜头，台前是演员和观众之间的一道屏障。

接下来是竞技场舞台。在过去的半个世纪里，出现了一场使戏剧更接近现实生活的运动。。。走向更非正式、更亲密的戏剧的运动。因此，我们有竞技场舞台，也称为圆形剧场或圆形剧场。在竞技场剧场，舞台位于正方形或圆形的中心，四周有观众座位。演员们在中间，所以观众中的每个人都可以靠近他们。其效果是一种亲密感，一种每当人们形成一个圈子时都会出现的亲密感。

竞技场是最古老的剧院。有趣的是，几乎所有早期的戏剧表演都是“全面的”，因为世界各地的仪式、仪式和舞蹈都是在一个圆圈内进行的。

竞技场剧场的一个缺点是，虽然它的设计允许亲密，但也不可能有精心设计的布景或场景变化。缺乏灵活性是第三种戏剧风格再次流行的原因之一。

第三种设计——推力舞台介于前台和竞技场风格之间。在推力舞台剧场，观众坐在三面或半圆上，围绕着一个突出到中心的舞台。舞台后面是一个舞台剧室，演员们从这里进出，场景也随之改变。主攻式舞台是前台和竞技场风格之间的一种折衷。它结合了前台剧场的风景特点和舞台的亲密感。

莎士比亚时代的英国正式剧院是推力式舞台剧场，今天它是所有设计中使用最广泛的。其优势显而易见。它有四分之三的座位围绕着演员，后面的舞台使场景变化成为可能。此外，有这么多伟大的戏剧作品是为它而创作的，这一事实使主攻阶段在其他主要形式中占据了突出的地位。

三、Three Types of Stages托福听力问题：

Q1:What does the professor imply about the various types of stages?

A.Each design gives the audience a different experience.

B.All three types were created at the same time in history.

C.The proscenium theater accommodates the largest audience.

D.Theater schools usually focus on one of the three types.

Q2:Which of the following is a disadvantage of the proscenium stage?

A.The proscenium stage does not allow for scenery or scene changes.

B.The people sitting in the back rows cannot hear what the actors say.

C.The proscenium creates a barrier between the actors and the audience.

D.Ticket prices are higher for plays produced in proscenium theaters.

Q3:Which type of performance would probably best be produced on an arena stage?

A.A story requiring several scene changes

B.An intimate drama about everyday life

C.A play in which distance is an advantage

D.An opera with elaborate sets and costumes

Q4:Why does the professor say this:

A.To explain why he likes the circle stage

B.To show that dance is important in theater

C.To describe the origins of the arena stage

D.To promote the study of traditional drama

Q5:Which diagram represents the thrust stage theater?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Q6:

According to the professor,why is the thrust stage theater the most widely used of the three designs?

Click on two answers.

A.It combines the advantages of the other two styles.

B.The other two designs are more expensive to build.

C.It is the stage that most actors and directors prefer.

D.Many great plays were written for the thrust stage.

四、Three Types of Stages托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：A

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：B

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：D

A5:正确答案：AD