剑桥雅思13Test1阅读passage3真题+翻译(1)

剑桥雅思13Test1阅读passage3真题+翻译(1) 关于这个问题下面小编就来为各个考生解答下。

剑桥雅思13Test1阅读passage3真题+翻译

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Artificial artists

人工智能艺术家

Can computers really create works of art?

电脑真的能创作艺术吗?

The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.

傻瓜绘图和不断增多的电脑程序一样,是有着创作才能的--至少它们的开发者如是说。一个智能作曲家所谱曲的古典音乐曾让听众们极度痴迷,以至于坚信这些乐谱是人类所作。一台机器人作画的艺术作品被卖到上千美元,也曾被挂进名声斐然的艺术馆。而某些软件创作出的艺术品也曾让开发它的程序员们感到意外。

Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? This is a question at the very core of humanity,，says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.'

人类是一个会经常创作复杂艺术作品的生物。假设我们把这个创作过程解构成电脑代码,那人类的创作性又将如何自处?“事关人性最为核心的本质。”伦敦大学戈德史密斯学院电脑创作研究人员Geraint Wiggins说。“这可吓坏了许多人。他们担心这将会使独属于人的某种特质从人性中分除。”

To some extent, we are all familiar with computerised art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London’s Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realise the programmer’s own creative ideas.

从某种程度上来说,我们对于电脑艺术并不陌生。问题是,人类艺术和电脑创造力的分界线在哪里呢?想一想最早的机器艺术家Aaron,它的作品曾在伦敦泰特现代艺术馆和旧金山现代艺术博物馆展出过。它可以拿起笔刷,自己在画布上作画。可能令人刮目相看,但它依然不过是一台实现了程序员的创作理念的工具罢了。

Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ‘artists，such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people's double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. 'If a child painted a new scene from its head, you'd say it has a certain level of imagination,’ he points out. The same should be true of a machine.’ Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette - so why should computers be any different?

傻瓜绘图软件的设计者Simon colton急于确保自己的创造不会遭受相同的批判。与以往的“艺术家”如Aaron所不同的是,傻瓜绘图软件只需要极少的指令,它能够通过从网上搜寻材料来确定自己的绘图概念。这个软件配有独立的网络搜索,巨细无遗地搜寻所有社交媒体站点。它现在也开始展现某种想象力,能够从头创作一幅画。它的原创作品中,有一系列模糊的风景画,描绘着树木和天空。有人可能会说看上去很呆板、机械,但Colton却觉得这样反应了来自于人们评判电脑作品和人类作品时的双重标准。他说,无论如何,想想看傻瓜绘图在画这幅风景的时候,可没有参照过任何照片。“如果一个孩子用他脑海里的画面画了幅画,你就会说他有一定的想象力”,他指出。“同样的标准应当也适用于机器。”软件错误有时也能带来一些意想不到的效果。傻瓜绘图有一系列椅子的画,画出来只有黑白两色的,多拜技术故障所赐。这使得这些作品有一种怪异而鬼魅的特质。人类艺术家如声名显赫的Ellsworth Kelly经常被褒扬用色克制—那为什么到了电脑这里就不行呢?

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