剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage3真题翻译(1)

剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage3真题翻译(1) 关于这个问题下面小编就来为各个考生解答下。

剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Whatever happened to the Harappan Civilisation?哈拉帕文明究竟发生了什么?

New research sheds light on the disappearance of an ancient society新研究揭示了一个古代社会的消失

The Harappan Civilisation of ancient Pakistan and India flourished 5,000 years ago, but a thousand years later their cities were abandoned. The Harappan Civilisation was a sophisticated Bronze Age society who built ‘megacities’ and traded internationally in luxury craft products, and yet seemed to have left almost no depictions of themselves. But their lack of self-imagery - at a time when the Egyptians were carving and painting representations of themselves all over their temples - is only part of the mystery.

5000年前,位于古巴基斯坦和古印度的哈拉帕文明蓬勃发展,但一千年后它们的城市荒废了。哈拉帕文明曾是一个成熟的青铜器时代社会,他们曾建立了“大型城市”,并在手工艺品方面进行国际贸易,但几乎没有留下任何关于自身的描述。与同一时期埃及人在神庙内雕刻绘画自身形象相比,哈拉帕文明缺乏自身的形象,但它的神秘之处还远不止于此。

There is plenty of archaeological evidence to tell us about the rise of the Harappan Civilisation, but relatively little about its fall，’ explains archaeologist Dr Cameron Petrie of the University of Cambridge. ‘As populations increased, cities were built that had great baths, craft workshops, palaces and halls laid out in distinct sectors. Houses were arranged in blocks, with wide main streets and narrow alleyways, and many had their own wells and drainage systems. It was very much a “thriving” civilisation.’ Then around 2100 BC, a transformation began. Streets went uncleaned, buildings started to be abandoned, and ritual structures fell out of use. After their final demise, a millennium passed before really large-scale cities appeared once more in South Asia.

“大量的考古证据表明哈拉帕文明的兴起,但与之相比,表明它衰落的证据少之又少。”剑桥大学考古学家卡梅伦·皮特里博士解释道“随着人口的增加,城市不断建立,大型浴池、手工作坊、宫殿和府邸分布在不同的城区。房屋按街区排列,伴有宽阔的主街道和狭窄的小巷,其中许多家庭带有自己的水井和排水系统。它确曾是一种十分‘繁荣’的文明。”大约在公元前2100年情况开始发生变化。街道肮脏不堪,房屋被废弃,宗教场所也废弃不用。自从哈拉帕文明消亡后的一千多年,在南亚才又一次兴起真正大规模的城市。

Some have claimed that major glacier-fed rivers changed their course, dramatically affecting the water supply and agriculture; or that the cities could not cope with an increasing population, they exhausted their resource base, the trading economy broke down or they succumbed to invasion and conflict; and yet others that climate change caused an environmental change that affected food and water provision. 'It is unlikely that there was a single cause for the decline of the civilisation. But the fact is, until now, we have had little solid evidence from the area for most of the key elements，，said Petrie. ‘A lot of the archaeological debate has really only been wellargued speculation. ，

有一些人认为,这是因为冰川融汇的河流改变了河道,这极大地影响了水源供给和农业生产;还有人认为,城市无法容纳逐渐增长的人口,它们耗尽了自己的资源,贸易经济崩解,它们屈服于外来侵略和冲突;还有一些人认为,是因为气候变化导致了环境变化,这就影响了食物和水源供给。“一种文明的衰落不可能只是由个原因造成的。但是事实上,到目前为止,我们还没有从该地区获得确凿的证据来支撑这业因素"皮特里先生补充说。“许多考古学的争论实际上仅仅是合理的猜测。

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