2022-06-08 10:08:29 来源:中国教育在线
剑桥雅思14Test2Passage2阅读答案解析 Back to the future of skyscraper design
剑桥雅思14 Test2 Passage2阅读答案解析
第14题答案:F
对应原文:F部分第1段:Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of ‘hospital fever’, leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.
答案解析:F部分第1段的最后提到,“瘴气而非病菌被认为是“医院发热”的主要原因,导致疾病和频繁的死亡。富人都远离医院”。其中steered clear与题干中avoid对应,而前面的内容则解释了原因,因此判断答案为F。
第15题答案:C
对应原文:C部分:Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status
答案解析:C部分最后1句的开头提到,“Short认为玻璃、钢筋和装有空调的摩天大楼是地位的象征”。其中skyscrapers对应tall buildings,而symbols of status则对应prestige,由此确定答案为C。
第16题答案:E
对应原文:E部分第1段:We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre.
答案解析:E部分第1段的第1句提到,“19世纪的医院病房一小时可以产生24次空气交换,与现在电脑控制的歌剧院效果相同”。即对19世纪建筑物的通风与现代标准进行了对比,由此确定答案为E。
第17题答案:D
对应原文:D部分第2段:We put pathogens in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.
答案解析:D部分第2段提到,“我们将病原体放入气流中,模拟结核病人在病房咳嗽的情况。我们发现房间里的通风系统可以保护其他病人免受危害”。即Short测试19世纪建筑物的具体方法,由此确定答案为D。
第18题答案:B
对应原文:B部分第2段:the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were ‘relentlessly and aggressively marketed’ by their inventors.
答案解析:B部分第2段的最后提到,“空调系统的大规模使用是由其发明者时刻不停、激进的市场宣传造成的”。其中marketed对ingadvertising,widespread introduction对应large increase,由此确定答案为B。
第19题答案:design(s)
对应原文:D部分第1段:Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).
答案解析:根据John Shaw Billings定位到D部分的这句话,built与architectural同义替换,由此确定designs为正确答案。除此之外,我们也可以从题干推测出空上应该填一个名词,在原文中进行筛选之后,只有designs填上去句义合适。这样子也能确定答案。
第20题答案:pathogens
对应原文:D部分第2段:We put pathogens in the airstreams
答案解析:顺着上一题往下,根据air与airstreams的对应定位到这句话,根据句子结构确定答案为pathogens。
第21题答案:tuberculosis
对应原文:D部分第2段:modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards
答案解析:题干问的是“遭受什么痛苦的病人”,可以推测空上填的应该是某种疾病或者困难,由此确定tuberculosis为正确答案。
第22题答案:wards
对应原文:E部分第1段:We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre
答案解析:顺着上一题往下,根据change定位到E部分的这句话。从题干可以看出,空上应该填的是“医院哪里的空气”。原文中填上去语义合适的只有wards,由此锁定答案。
第23题答案:communal
对应原文:E部分第2段:Communal wards appropriate for certain patients – older people with dementia, for example – would work just as well in today’s hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.’
答案解析:这道题的同义替换不太好识别,难度稍微有些大。首先我们根据at a fraction of the energy cost与energy use could be reduced的对应定位这句话。然后从题干“他建议通过将更多的病人安置在什么区域来减少能源使用”可以推测空上应该填的是表示具体位置的形容词。由此确定答案为communal。
第24题答案:public
对应原文:F部分第1段:Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public
答案解析:题干可以翻译为“19世纪医院提升通风能力的主要原因来自于…的要求”,由此推测空上应该填某种人,锁定public为正确答案。
第25题答案:miasmas
对应原文:F部分第1段:by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas – toxic air that spread disease.
答案解析:从题干中“known as”的提示可以推测空上应该填一个专有名词,很容易确定答案为miasmas。
第26题答案:cholera
对应原文:F部分第1段:… were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s.
答案解析:根据London和Paris定位到F段的这句话,从epidemics(疫情,流行病)可以推断出空上应该填某种具体的疾病,由此锁定cholera。
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