2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案8

2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案8

2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案汇总

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank of England’s top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economies,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like“Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed“quarterly capitalism”.

In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers.“There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce“short-termism.”In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal finds that“a substantial part”of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage“long-termism,”such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.

21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.

A.enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

B.help corporations achieve larger profits

C.build a new system of financial regulation

D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives

22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.

A.the conditions for generating quick profits

B.governments’impatience in decision-making

C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D.“short-termism”in economics activities

21—22参考答案：

21.【A】enhance banker's sense of responsibility；细节题。题目中明确出题段落（According to Paragraph 1）及相应的信息点（one motive in imposing the new rule），因此，答案来源句则为第一段的第三句（The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任），那么答案基本就很容易提取出来。选项中的“sense of responsibility”则对应到句中的“enhance banker's sense of responsibility（增加银行的责任感）”；而其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。

22.【D】"short-termism"in economic activities；细节题。题干中的定位信息在“Alfred Marshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句“He quotes a giant of classical economies,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting...”，定位信息里的“this financial impatience”则是回指第二段首句的“Short-termism”，故信息点则为“Short-termism”，所以最佳选项则为"short-termism"in economic activities，而其他选项在定位信息中未提及；