2020研究生考试《英语二》真题（2）

2020研究生考试《英语二》真题（2）对于这个问题，小编就来为大家分析一下。

2020研究生考试《英语二》真题（2）

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or

D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can

identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living

beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether

rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for 5

our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer

mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.

During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the

same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply

moved forwards and backwards and side to side

Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release

them by pressing a lever.

Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social

robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine

social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours

like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed

it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.

The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d

assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make

it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland

in Australia,who helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic

robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display

only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other

animals are too,”says Wiles.

21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.

[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats

<B>distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one

[C]attain sociable traits through special training

[D]send out warming messages to their fellow

22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?

[A]It followed the social robot.

<B>It played with some toys.

[C]It set the trapped Tats free.

[D]It moved around alone.

23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they.

[A]tried to practice a means of escape

<B>expected it to do the same in return

[C]wanted to display their intelligence

[D]considered that an interesting game

24.James Wiles notes that rats.

[A]can remember other rat’s facial features

<B>differentiate smells better than sizes

[C]respond more to cations than to looks

[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels

25.It can be learned from the text that rats.

[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings

(B]are more socially active than other animals

[C]behave differently from children in socializing

[PD]are more sensitive to social cues than expected

Text 2

It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics

agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that

they rig others’pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more

likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.

It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical

workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American

corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%.The typical CEO of a top

American corporation—from the 350 largest such companies—now makes about$18.9 million a

year.

While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO

pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for

the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock

market.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEO

talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of

America’s highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global

economy.It’s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really

have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.

Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply

being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe

even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than

their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that

large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread

across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly

mind-boggling.

There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech

companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in

highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running

the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to

build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels

of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.

On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which

includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model,helping to define and extend a

corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business

plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the

very deepest skills of understanding.

考研英语备考技巧

释义。在第一次背单词时，切不可对自己太苛刻，要求自己把词汇书中视力所及的，面面俱到，统统记在脑子里。把一个单词的基本释义记住就可以了，切忌不可贪多，建议学生去报考研词汇班，在辅导时，辅导老师会告诉学生单词的追加释义，即：考研考到的释义。而且，老师还会以不同的形式去测试学生对单词的掌握情况。