2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案22

2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案22

2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案汇总

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work:(47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number.

(48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature,the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.

Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics,such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable savings in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunately,the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible,we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

48-49参考答案及解析：

(48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.

考点：被动语态、插入语、介词短语作状语、词义选择、语序调整

结构分析：本句为主谓结构的简单句。句子主干为：Attempts have been made….其中，“to curb this tendency”和“by…”分别为不定式短语和介词短语作状语修饰句子主干内容。

参考译文：人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势，例如，将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中。

(49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.

考点：状语从句、虚拟语气、同位语从句

结构分析：本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主干为：This would be reasonable…；“…that scientists can…”为that引导的同位语从句解释说明fact内容。“arrange to cite….“和”get associates to do so…“为动宾结构并列和前面名词scientists构成主谓宾结构。

参考译文：如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样作以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。