2019年考研《英语二》真题及答案9

2019年考研《英语二》真题及答案9

2019年考研《英语二》真题及答案汇总

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Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable--it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary--feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.

And quilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children.Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones share more,even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.

“That’s good news,”Malti says,“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.

A.emotions are context-independent

B.emotions are socially constructive

C.emotional stability can benefit health

D.an emotion can play opposing roles

24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.

A.may help correct emotional deficiencies

B.can result from either sympathy or guilt

C.can bring about emotional satisfaction

D.may be the outcome of impulsive acts

23—24参考答案及解析：

23、【答案】D an emotion can play opposing roles

【解析】根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题。根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that…awareness that.”定位本文的第二段“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking…can serve.”但是这句话是他的观点句，也就是题干信息所在句，本句没有答案，因此，根据线性思维，下文他又继续补充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher…..in another”(这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪在另一个情境中可能是有害的)，对比四个选项，只有D“an emotion can play opposing roles”(情绪可以起到相反的作用)为最佳答案。A项“emotions are context-independent”(情绪与语境无关)与原文表述相反。B项“emotions are socially constructive”(从社会角度讲，情绪具有积极性)在文中没有提及。C项“emotional stability can benefit health”(情绪稳定有益与身体健康)在文中没有提及，故排除。

24、【答案】B can result from either sympathy or guilt

【解析】根据题干可知这是一道人物观点题。根据题干关键词“Malti and others have shown与cooperation and sharing.”回文定位到第四段第三句：“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.”(马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。)对比四个选项，只有B项can result from either sympathy or guilt(要么归因于同情，要么归因于内疚)与原文表述一致，故为正确选项。A项may help correct emotional deficiencies(可能有助于改正情感缺陷)与第四段第二句话…that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency(内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷)不符。C项can bring about emotional satisfaction(能够带来情感上的满足)并未提及。D项may be the outcome of impulsive acts(可能是冲动行为的结果)与第四段第三句…which can rein in their nastier impulses(这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动)因果倒置，故排除。