Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力原文翻译及问题答案，关于这个问题中国教育在线外语平台小编就简单为大家说一下。

一、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Uh,many people have been fascinated about Venus for centuries because of its thick cloud cover...the so-called"planet of mystery"and all of that.Well,what's under those clouds?What's the surface of the planet like? Uh,some questions about the surface are still unresolved,but...but we have learned a lot about it in the past several years. 

First of all,let me talk about how we've been able to get past those clouds.First there were Soviet modules that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images of what was around them.Second,we did some radar imaging from satellites from above.Radar can get through the clouds.So,what have we learned?Yes,Karen?FEMALE STUDENT:Well,I remember reading that there's not really a lot going on...that the surface of Venus is just flat and smooth in a lot of places...MALE PROFESSOR:Uh,yeah,it's smooth in a lot of places,but that's not...uh,that's not the whole picture. In other areas,you've got canyons,rift valleys,meteoric craters,uh,lava domes—these lava formations that look like giant pancakes—and also volcanoes...

well,one of the most interesting features on the surface are,in fact,the shield volcanoes.Shield volcanoes form when magma comes out of the ground in the same spot over and over again.Remember,magma is hot,molten rock that's underground and it's called lava when it reaches the surface—uh,so the lava builds up and hardens,and a volcano forms.

Now,the lava on Venus is thin.So shield volcanoes have very gentle,sloping sides. They're called shield volcanoes because viewed from above,they kind of resemble shields,you know,like a warrior's shield.

But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes.Instead,they're other volcano types,like stratovolcanoes for example,which are a result of tectonic plate movement. Remember tectonic plates?

Underneath the Earth's crust,there are a number of shifting slabs or plates that are slowly moving. And in the zones on the edges of the plates,where different plates meet and interact,that's where we get most of Earth volcanoes.

On Venus,however,volcanoes are not clustered in discrete zones like they're on Earth.Instead,they're more or less randomly scattered over Venus'surface.Well,that's significant:Venus has mostly shield volcanoes,and they're randomly scattered—that indicates that Venus does not have moving tectonic plates,and that's a big difference compared to Earth.Here on Earth,moving tectonic plates are a major geological element...just crucial for the whole surface dynamic,right?

So why doesn't Venus have them?Well,there are a few theories—uh,one of them is that this has to do with the fact that Venus has no surface water that's needed to kinda lubricate the movement of the plates.You know,like oceans on Earth? Yeah,I forgot to spell that out,uh,Venus has no surface water...

FEMALE STUDENT:Wait a second, did you say we have shield volcanoes on Earth?Can you give an example?

MALE PROFESSOR:Sure...the volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands,in the Pacific Ocean,are shield volcanoes; they've formed over a hot spot of magma.So while on Earth we have several types of volcanoes,on Venus,there is mostly the one type. Uh,Eric?

FEMALE STUDENT:Uh,are the volcanoes on Venus still active?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,that's an interesting question.There's still some discussion on that point. But here's what we do know.First,the level of sulfur dioxide gas above Venus'clouds shows large,and uh,very frequent fluctuations. It's quite possible that these fluctuations,the huge increase and decrease of sulfur dioxide,happening again and again, it's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.

If that's the case,volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus'thick cloud cover.And also,we have observed bursts of radio energy from the planet's surface.These bursts are similar to what we see when volcanoes erupt on Earth. So this too suggests ongoing volcanic activity.But,although this is intriguing evidence,no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet,so we can't be positive.

二、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在天文学课上听一节课的一部分。

男教授：嗯，许多人对金星着迷了几个世纪，因为它有厚厚的云层。所谓的“神秘星球”等等。那么，那些云下面是什么？这颗行星的表面是什么样的；呃，关于表面的一些问题仍然没有解决，但是，但在过去的几年里，我们学到了很多；

首先，让我谈谈我们是如何越过这些云层的。首先是苏联的模块，它们直接降落在水面上，并发回一些周围的图像。其次，我们从上面的卫星上进行了一些雷达成像。雷达可以穿透云层。那么，我们学到了什么？是的，凯伦？女学生：嗯，我记得我读到过一篇文章，说的其实并不是很多。金星的表面在很多地方都是平坦光滑的。男教授：嗯，是的，很多地方都很顺利，但那不是。。呃，这还不是全部；在其他地区，有峡谷，裂谷，陨石坑，呃，熔岩穹窿，这些熔岩构造看起来像巨大的煎饼，还有火山...

事实上，地表最有趣的特征之一就是地盾火山。地盾火山是在同一地点岩浆不断从地下涌出时形成的。记住，岩浆是位于地下的炽热的熔融岩石，当它到达地表时被称为熔岩，所以熔岩堆积并硬化，形成火山。

现在，金星上的熔岩很薄。所以地盾火山的侧面非常平缓，倾斜；它们被称为盾状火山，因为从上面看，它们有点像盾牌，你知道，就像战士的盾牌。

但这些火山特别有趣的是，地球上大多数火山都不是盾状火山。相反，它们是其他类型的火山，例如层火山，是板块运动的结果&nbsp；还记得构造板块吗？

在地壳下面，有许多移动的板块或板块正在缓慢移动；在板块边缘的区域，不同板块相遇并相互作用，这就是我们看到大多数地球火山的地方。

然而，金星上的火山并不像地球上的火山那样聚集在离散的区域。相反，它们或多或少随机散布在金星表面。嗯，这很重要：金星主要有盾状火山，它们随机分散，这表明金星没有移动的板块，这与地球有很大的不同。在地球上，运动的板块是一个主要的地质要素。。。这对整个曲面动力学至关重要，对吗？

那么为什么金星没有呢？嗯，有一些理论，呃，其中之一是，这与金星没有地表水这一事实有关，而地表水是用来润滑板块运动的。就像地球上的海洋一样&nbsp；是的，我忘了说，呃，金星没有地表水..

女学生：等一下；你是说地球上有盾状火山吗？你能举个例子吗？

男教授：当然...太平洋夏威夷群岛的火山是盾状火山；它们是在岩浆的热点上形成的。因此，虽然地球上有几种类型的火山，但金星上的火山大多只有一种；呃Eric？

女学生：金星上的火山还活跃吗？男教授：这是一个有趣的问题。关于这一点还有一些讨论&nbsp；但这是我们所知道的。首先，金星云层上方的二氧化硫气体水平显示出巨大的，呃，非常频繁的波动；很可能这些波动，二氧化硫的大幅增加和减少，会一次又一次地发生；这很可能是由于火山爆发，因为火山爆发通常会释放气体。

如果是这样的话，火山活动很可能是金星浓密云层的根本原因。此外，我们还观察到来自行星表面的射电能爆发。这些爆发与我们在地球上看到的火山爆发相似；所以这也表明火山活动仍在继续。但是，尽管这是一个有趣的证据，但还没有人真正观察到金星火山喷发，所以我们不能肯定。

三、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Conclusions about the surface of Venus drawn from recent observations

B.The different types of volcanoes that have been found on Venus

C.Similarities between geologic processes on Venus and on other planets

D.New methods used to observe the surface of Venus

Q2:2.How were scientists able to learn new information about Venus’surface?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.More powerful telescopes allowed astronomers to see more surface details.

B.Satellites were used to get radar images of Venus'surface.

C.Space modules sent photographs after landing on Venus.

D.A space probe was able to locate gaps among Venus'clouds.

Q3:3.What differences between volcanoes on Venus and those on Earth does the professor mention?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Volcanoes on Venus are mostly shield volcanoes.

B.Volcanoes on Venus emit thicker lava.

C.Many volcanoes on Earth are concentrated in specific zones.

D.Many volcanoes on Earth show no volcanic activity.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention the fact that Venus has no surface water?

A.To give an example of a discovery that was unexpected

B.To illustrate the consequences of intense volcanic activity

C.To question a theory about the origin of shield volcanoes

D.To suggest an explanation for why Venus does not have moving tectonic plates

Q5:5.According to the professor,what is a possible origin of Venus’clouds?

A.Gases released as a result of volcanic activity

B.Chemical reactions caused by high surface temperatures

C.Bursts of radio energy from the plane's surface

D.Strong winds that blow dust into the atmosphere

Q6:6.What is the professor’s opinion about the theory that Venus'volcanoes are active?

A.The theory has recently been proved by direct observation.

B.At least two kinds of evidence support the theory.

C.The data collected so far about the theory are contradictory.

D.New findings have made the theory quite unlikely.

四、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：A

A2:正确答案：BC

A3:正确答案：AC

A4:正确答案：D

A5:正确答案：A

A6:正确答案：B