Folk Tales托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Folk Tales托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Folk Tales托福听力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

Male Professor:Alright,so now we've talked about folk legends,and seen that they're,that one of their key features is,there’s usually some real history behind them.They're often about real people.So you can identify with the characters.And that’s what engages us in them.

The particular stories might not be true,and some of the characters or events might be made up,but there’s still a sense that the story could have been true,since it’s about a real person.That's a distinct contrast from the other main branch of popular storytelling,which is folktales.Folktales are imaginative stories that um,like folk legends,they've been passed down orally,from storyteller to storyteller,for,since ancient times.But with folktales,you don't ever really get the sense that the story might have been true.They're purely imaginative,and so quite revealing—I think,anyway—about the culture,and uh,the connection between folktales and the culture,which we'll talk about.

But first let's go over the various types of folktale,and focus specifically on Norwegian folktales since they illustrate the variety pretty well.There are,in general,three main types of Norwegian folktales.

One is animal stories,where animals are the main characters.They can be wild animals or uh,domestic,and a lot of times they can talk and behave like humans,but at the same time they retain their animal characteristics too.They tend to involve animals like bears,wolves,and foxes.

The point of these stories,their,their internal objective,so to speak,is usually to explain some feature of the animal,how it arose.So there’s one about a fox who fools a bear into going ice fishing with his tail.When the bear puts his tail into the water through a hole in the ice,to try to catch a fish,the ice freezes around it,and he ends up pulling his tail off!So that’s why bears to this day have such short tails.

The second category of Norwegian folktale is the supernatural.Uh,stories about,giants and dragons and trolls,and humans with supernatural powers or gifts.Like invisibility cloaks.Or where people are turned into animals and back again into a person.Those are called transformation stories.

There’s a well-known Norwegian supernatural folktale,a transformation story called“East of the Sun and West of the Moon”.Which we’ll read.It involves a prince who’s a white bear by night and a human by day.And he lives in a castle that’s east of the Sun and west of the Moon—which the heroine of the story has to try to find.

Besides being a good example of a transformation story,this one also has a lot of the common things that tend to show up in folktales.You'll find the standard opening“Once upon a time…,”.And it has stock characters like a prince and a poor but beautiful peasant girl,she’s the heroine I mentioned. And um...it has a very conventional form,so no more than two characters are involved in any one scene.And it has a happy ending.

And it's,the story is presented as though,well,even though a lot of the actions that occur are pretty fantastic,so you’d never think of it as realistic,the characters still act like,they resemble real people.They're not real,or even based on historical figures—but you might have a supernatural tory involving a king,and he’d act like you'd expect a Norwegian king to act.

Ok,the third main kind of folktale is the comical story.We'll say more later about these but for now,just be aware of the category and that they can contain supernatural aspects,but they're usually more playful and amusing overall than supernatural stories.

Now,as I said,traditionally folktales were just passed down orally.Each generation of storytellers had their own style of telling a story.But um…in Norway,before the nineteenth century,folktales were just for kids,they weren't seen as worthy of analysis or academic attention.But this changed when the Romantic movement spread throughout Europe in the mid-nineteenth century.

The romantics looked at folktales as sort of a reflection of the soul of the people,so there was something distinctly Norwegian in folktales from Norway.And there was renewed pride in the literature and art forms of individual countries. As a result,the first collection of Norwegian folktales was published in 1852.And there’ve been many new editions published since then.For the people of Norway,these stories are now an important part of what it means to be Norwegian.

二、Folk Tales托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在文学课上听讲座的一部分。

男教授：好的，现在我们讨论了民间传说，他们的一个主要特征是，他们背后通常有一些真实的历史。他们经常谈论真实的人。这样你就可以识别角色了。这就是我们参与其中的原因。

特定的故事可能不是真的，一些人物或事件可能是虚构的，但人们仍然觉得这个故事可能是真的，因为它是关于一个真实的人的。这与流行故事的另一个主要分支民间故事形成了鲜明的对比。民间故事是富有想象力的故事，就像民间传说一样，自古以来，它们都是口头流传下来的，从讲故事的人到讲故事的人。但对于民间故事，你永远不会真正感觉到这个故事可能是真的。它们纯粹是富有想象力的，所以很有启发性——我认为，不管怎样，关于文化，以及民间故事和文化之间的联系，我们将讨论。

但首先让我们回顾一下各种类型的民间故事，并特别关注挪威民间故事，因为它们很好地说明了各种各样的民间故事。一般来说，挪威民间故事有三种主要类型。

一个是动物故事，其中动物是主角。它们可以是野生动物，也可以是家畜，很多时候它们可以像人类一样说话和行为，但同时它们也保留了自己的动物特征。它们往往涉及熊、狼和狐狸等动物。

这些故事的要点，它们的，它们的内部目标，可以说，通常是解释动物的一些特征，它是如何产生的。所以有一个故事是关于一只狐狸愚弄一只熊用尾巴去冰上钓鱼。当熊通过冰上的一个洞把尾巴伸进水中试图抓鱼时，冰在它周围冻结了，最后他把尾巴扯下来了！所以这就是为什么熊到今天都有这么短的尾巴。

挪威民间故事的第二类是超自然现象。呃，关于巨人、龙、巨魔和拥有超自然力量或天赋的人类的故事。就像隐形斗篷一样。或者人变成动物又变成人。这些被称为转变故事。

挪威有一个著名的超自然民间故事，一个叫做“日东月西”的蜕变故事。我们会读到的。它涉及到一个王子，他晚上是一只白熊，白天是一个人。他住在太阳以东月亮以西的一座城堡里，故事中的女主人公必须设法找到这座城堡。

除了是一个很好的转型故事的例子外，这本书还有很多民间故事中经常出现的共同点。你会发现标准的开口“从前……”。它有一些普通的角色，比如王子和一个贫穷但美丽的农家女孩，她就是我提到的女主人公&nbsp；嗯。。。它有一个非常传统的形式，所以在任何一个场景中都不会涉及两个以上的角色。它有一个幸福的结局。

而且，故事的表现似乎，嗯，即使发生的很多动作都非常精彩，所以你永远不会认为它是真实的，角色的行为仍然像，他们像真实的人。它们不是真实的，甚至不是基于历史人物，但你可能有一个涉及国王的超自然历史，他会表现得像你期望的挪威国王一样。

好的，第三种主要的民间故事是喜剧故事。我们稍后会进一步讨论这些，但现在，请注意这一类别，它们可以包含超自然的方面，但总体而言，它们比超自然故事更有趣。

正如我所说，传统的民间故事只是口头流传下来的。每一代讲故事的人都有自己的故事风格。但是，嗯……在挪威，十九世纪之前，民间故事只适合孩子们看，不值得分析或学术关注。但当浪漫主义运动在十九世纪中叶传遍整个欧洲时，情况发生了变化。

浪漫主义者将民间故事视为人们灵魂的某种反映，因此挪威民间故事中有一些明显的挪威特色。人们对各个国家的文学和艺术形式重新感到自豪&nbsp；因此，1852年出版了第一本挪威民间故事集。从那以后，出版了许多新版本。对于挪威人民来说，这些故事现在是挪威人意义的重要组成部分。

三、Folk Tales托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The role played by folktales in contemporary Norwegian society

B.A description of the major types of Norwegian folktales

C.A comparison of Norwegian folktales and Norwegian folk legends

D.An illustration of the differences between oral literature and written literature

Q2:2.What does the professor find appealing about folk legends?

A.They are very imaginative.

B.They are somewhat realistic.

C.They stress what is important in a culture.

D.They show similarities between otherwise diverse societies.

Q3:3.How is the story of the bear and the fox characteristic of Norwegian animal stories?

A.It explains the origin of a physical characteristic of an animal.

B.It uses animal behavior to explain human characteristics.

C.It shows how animals were domesticated by people.

D.It contains episodes of animals changing into people.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention a folktale called“East of the Sun and West of the Moon”?[Click on two answers.]

A.To point out conventions found in most folktales

B.To point out differences between animals stories and comical stories

C.To give an example of a transformation story

D.To give an example of a story published in the first collection of Norwegian folktales

Q5:5.What does the professor say about the characters in Norwegian folktales?

A.They usually behave in playful and amusing ways.

B.They usually behave the way that real Norwegian people behave.

C.Most are giants,trolls,or dragons.

D.Most are based on actual historical figures.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply happened as a result of the Romantic movement’s spreading to Norway?

A.Children’s literature became less popular.

B.Attempts were made to modernize the plots of traditional folktales.

C.Folktales began to be regarded as an important aspect of Norwegian culture.

D.Folktales in Norway became more similar to folktales from other parts of Europe.

四、Folk Tales托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：AC

A5:正确答案：B

A6:正确答案：C