Antikythera Mechanism托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Antikythera Mechanism托福听力原文翻译及问题答案,关于这个问题中国教育在线外语平台小编就简单为大家说一下。

一、Antikythera Mechanism托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:I was talking to one of my colleagues in the physics department the other day,and we ended up discussing how one discovery can change everything.My colleague mentioned how the theory of relativity completely changed the field of physics.

At any rate,that conversation got me thinking about archaeological finds that really changed our understanding of ancient civilizations,so I want to talk about the discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism.The Antikythera Mechanism was found a hundred years ago,underwater in an ancient Greek shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea.It was in extremely poor condition and in many corroded pieces—but once we figured out what it was and reconstructed it,well,I simply don't have the words to convey how extraordinary this find was.The Antikythera Mechanism is a relatively small device—roughly the size of a shoebox—made of gears fitted inside a wooden case.In its original state,there were rotating dials and other indicators on the top with letters and drawings showing the Sun,the phases of the Moon,and different constellations.Inside the box bronze gears would've rotated the displays.

The displays—uh,the indicators of the Antikythera Mechanism would then move to show the motion of the Sun and the Moon relative to the planets and stars.The device could be used to tell the different phases of the Moon and much more.Well,scientists have recently analyzed the inscriptions on the mechanism andWhat makes that so fascinating is that before we found the Antikythera Mechanism,the earliest device we had that could track the Sun and Moon like this was invented over a thousand years later!So when this was first found,people literally would not believe it. Some of my colleagues insisted it had to have been made well after 100 B.C.E.,but the physical evidence was conclusive—it was that old.

Of course,part of what made this find so unusual is that the Antikythera Mechanism is constructed of bronze.It's not that bronze was all that rare in Greece then—it's just that bronze was valuable and could easily be recycled.It would have been relatively easy for a person with knowledge of metals to melt down bronze objects and forge them into,oh,say,coins—bronze was used to make money back then—or mold the bronze into anything else of value,for that matter.

We're very fortunate that the device ended up underwater—because otherwise it probably would have ended up recycled into who-knows-what.Now,it was a challenge to figure out the Antikythera Mechanism?it spent over two thousand years at the bottom of the sea before it was discovered,

and even after it was discovered,it was still a number of years before we really understood what it was. You see,the mechanism had corroded under water and many of the gears were stuck together in a mass.Cleaning it was only partly successful. We could only get a good look at the structure of the gears after gamma rays were used to see inside?mm,very similar to the way X-rays are used to see your bones.

Now,once we got a look inside,we saw a really complex device.The many gears not only moved in a way that could indicate the phases of the Moon,the Antikythera Mechanism also tracked both the lunar year and the solar year. Additionally,the gears also moved to match the motions of the planets and predicted eclipses!But one thing that is particularly notable is that the mechanism was so precise that it even took into account a particular irregularity in the Moon's orbit—which requires some very complex math to replicate in a mechanical device.

You could say that the Antikythera Mechanism was a very precise calendar.Which stands to reason—calendars were very important to ancient peoples.Religious festivals had to be held at the right time of year,crops needed to be planted at the right time as well,and let's not forget that eclipses and planetary motions had important symbolic meanings.

二、Antikythera Mechanism托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在考古学课上听一节课的一部分。

女教授：前几天我和物理系的一位同事谈过，最后我们讨论了一个发现如何改变一切。我的同事提到相对论是如何彻底改变物理学领域的。

无论如何，那次谈话让我想到了真正改变了我们对古代文明理解的考古发现，所以我想谈谈Antikythera机制的发现。安提基西拉机制是一百年前在地中海一艘古希腊沉船的水下发现的。它的状况极差，有许多被腐蚀的碎片，但一旦我们弄清楚它是什么并重建了它，我简直无法用语言来表达这一发现有多么不同寻常。Antikythera机械装置是一种相对较小的装置，大小约为鞋盒大小，由装在木箱中的齿轮制成。在最初的状态下，顶部有旋转的刻度盘和其他指示器，上面有字母和图形，显示太阳、月亮的相位和不同的星座。盒子里的青铜齿轮会旋转显示器。

显示器，呃，安提基西拉机制的指示器会移动，以显示太阳和月亮相对于行星和恒星的运动。该设备可以用来辨别月球的不同相位，甚至更多。嗯，科学家最近分析了这个机制上的铭文，让人如此着迷的是，在我们发现安提基西拉机制之前，我们拥有的最早的可以像这样跟踪太阳和月亮的设备是在一千多年后发明的！因此，当这一现象首次被发现时，人们简直不敢相信；我的一些同事坚持认为，它必须是在公元前100年之后制作的，但物证确凿，它就是那么古老。

当然，让这一发现如此不同寻常的部分原因是，Antikythera机构是用青铜建造的。并不是说青铜在希腊非常罕见，而是因为青铜很值钱，而且很容易回收利用。对一个有金属知识的人来说，熔化青铜制品并将其锻造成硬币相对容易。哦，比方说，当时青铜是用来赚钱的，或者把青铜铸成其他有价值的东西。

我们非常幸运的是，该设备最终被置于水下，否则它很可能会被回收到；谁知道呢。现在，弄清楚Antikythera机制是一个挑战？它在海底度过了两千多年才被发现，

即使在它被发现之后，我们仍然需要数年的时间才能真正理解它是什么；你看，机械装置在水下腐蚀了，许多齿轮粘在一起成了一团。清理它只是部分成功&nbsp；在伽马射线被用来观察齿轮内部后，我们才能很好地观察齿轮的结构？嗯，很像用X射线看骨头的方式。

现在，我们一看里面，就看到了一个非常复杂的设备。许多齿轮的移动方式不仅可以指示月球的相位，安蒂基西拉机构还可以跟踪农历年和太阳年；此外，齿轮也移动以匹配行星的运动和预测的日食！但有一点特别值得注意的是，该机制非常精确，甚至考虑到了月球轨道的特殊不规则性，这需要一些非常复杂的数学才能在机械设备中复制。

你可以说Antikythera机制是一个非常精确的日历。这说明历法对古代人来说非常重要。宗教节日必须在一年中正确的时间举行，农作物也需要在正确的时间种植，我们不要忘记日食和行星运动具有重要的象征意义。

三、Antikythera Mechanism托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The methods archaeologists used to reconstruct the Antikythera Mechanism

B.The influence the Antikythera Mechanism has had on the study of physics

C.A research project in the combined fields of archaeology,physics,and mathematics

D.An archaeological discovery that challenged an accepted historical view

Q2:2.According to the professor,how did the Antikythera Mechanism work?

A.Dials on the device could be turned to calculate a ship’s location at sea.

B.The device was used to operate a larger computing system.

C.A system of gears rotated the images located on the case.

D.Light from the Sun illuminated particular indicators on the case throughout the day.

Q3:3.What is the professor's attitude about the proposition that the Antikythera Mechanism is over two thousand years old?

A.She is confident that the dating is accurate.

B.She is sure the dating will be revised in the future.

C.She is surprised that the dating remains inconclusive.

D.She believes that additional testing will be needed to confirm the dating.

Q4:4.According to the professor,why is it unusual to discover a bronze artifact from ancient Greece?

A.Bronze objects were often recycled.

B.Bronze corrodes underwater very quickly.

C.Ancient Greeks had limited access to bronze.

D.Artists of ancient Greece preferred to work with other materials.

Q5:5.How were archaeologists able to determine how the Antikythera Mechanism operated?

A.By comparing it to similar devices used 1,000 years later

B.By using gamma rays to see inside of the mechanism

C.By referring to ancient Greek writings about the mechanism

D.By consulting with colleagues in the field of physics

Q6:6.What does the professor imply about the ancient Greeks when she says this:

A.They were the first to observe the irregularly in the Moon's orbit.

B.They might not have been the inventors of the Antikythera Mechanism.

C.They were more scientifically advanced than is commonly thought.

D.They appeared to have made some errors in their calculations.

四、Antikythera Mechanism托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：B

A6:正确答案：C