Georgia O'Keeffe托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Georgia O'Keeffe托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Georgia O'Keeffe 托福听力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a talk in an art history class.

MALE PROFESSOR: So today we're going to continue our discussion of twentieth-century photography in the United States. Last time, we were talking about Alfred Stieglitz, and we saw that one of his goals was to introduce Americans to European art… Uh today we're going to look at another photographer from the early twentieth century—Uh yes, Jennifer.

FEMALE STUDENT: Before we get to that,  I had a question about Stieglitz …

MALE PROFESSOR: Sure.

FEMALE STUDENT: Well—Stieglitz was married to Georgia O'Keeffe, right?

MALE PROFESSOR: That’s right, Stieglitz was married to her, promoted her work, and actually took some amazing portraits of her when they were married.

Uh for anyone who's not familiar with this, we're talking about the American painter Georgia O'Keeffe.

FEMALE STUDENT: OK—well—I was wondering, Georgia O'Keeffe—y’know, I've heard her name so many times, and I've seen some of her work, but she's not mentioned in any of our reading about photographers from that time.

MALE PROFESSOR: Uh—well—O'Keeffe was really more of a painter …

FEMALE STUDENT: I thought she was a photographer too. I mean, I just saw one of her photographs, in a museum, the other day,I think it was called “Red Leaves on White,” or something like that.

MALE PROFESSOR: Oh—right … Yes, Large Dark Red Leaves on White is the complete title. It’s a fairly well-known painting by O’Keeffe.

FEMALE STUDENT: Oh, oh—OK—whoa, what was I thinking?! I guess I should’ve had a closer look.

MALE PROFESSOR: No, no, that's a really good observation.  I mean, chronologically, that would be impossible—when she did that painting, color film hadn't even been invented yet—neither had the right technology to blow pictures up that big, to show that much detail.

But that painting, and some of her other paintings, do reveal the-the influence of photography … like, she would “crop” her images—she, uh, she would make a “frame” around part of an image—say, just the very center—and then cut off certain parts—the parts outside that “frame”—to create the effect she wanted … the way a photographer does. And those paintings are “close-ups”—like you might see today—of a person—or a flower—in a photograph.

Now those techniques were certainly around, and being used by photographers then—but just in photographs, which were smaller, not as big as what O'Keeffe was painting.Also, O'Keeffe studied under an artist named Arthur Wesley Dow.That’s Dow, D-O-W—who advocated focusing on simple, basic forms—like the lines of a flower and its petals—and he wanted forms to be isolated from their original settings.

He-he believed that by doing that, an artist could reveal an object's—its—its essence. Mmm … Hm he’d do things like—like, have his students take a simple, ordinary form— like a leaf—and explore various ways of fitting all of it into a square—maybe bending it around to make the whole thing fit into the frame. Peter?

MALE STUDENT: It sounds like maybe O’Keeffe borrowed most of her ideas—the stuff we might think of as being hers—she just got them from other people… she didn't really have a style of her own.

MALE PROFESSOR: Well, virtually artists are influenced by other artists—by their predecessors … by their contemporaries—their teachers …

Artists build on what other artists have done, but—if they're talented—they take it in some unique direction—to develop their own distinctive style.

MALE PROFESSOR: O’Keeffe liked to create abstract interpretations of real objects— in the painting Jennifer mentioned, Large Dark Red Leaves on White, in addition to exaggerating the size of the leaf, O'Keeffe juxtaposes it against a silver—or whitish—background, so that's more of an abstract setting for it. And so on.

Now O'Keeffe wasn't the first artist to create an abstract interpretation of a real object, but she used that approach to express her experience of the objects she was painting … so she presented a vision that people hadn't seen before: It’s unique. It’s compelling.

She didn't expect other people to experience the object the way she did—she knew they'd look at her painting and hang their own associations on it—which is true for artwork in general, I think; that's just the way the human brain works—uh, but at least they'd be taking a careful look at something they'd never really paid much attention to.

二、Georgia O'Keeffe 托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在艺术史课上听一段演讲。

男教授：所以今天我们要继续讨论美国二十世纪的摄影。上一次，我们谈到阿尔弗雷德·施蒂格利茨，我们看到他的目标之一是向美国人介绍欧洲艺术……嗯，今天我们要看另一位二十世纪初的摄影师，嗯，是的，詹妮弗。

女生：在我们开始之前；我有个关于斯蒂格利茨的问题…

男教授：当然可以。

女学生：斯蒂格利茨和乔治亚·奥基夫结婚了，对吧？

男教授：没错，施蒂格利茨娶了她，推动了她的工作，而且在他们结婚时还为她拍了一些令人惊叹的肖像。

呃，对于任何不熟悉这一点的人来说，我们谈论的是美国画家乔治亚·奥基夫。

女学生：好吧，我想知道，乔治亚·奥基夫，我听过很多次她的名字，也看过她的一些作品，但从那时起，我们的任何关于摄影师的阅读都没有提到她。

男教授：呃，奥基夫更像是个画家…

女生：我还以为她是摄影师呢。我的意思是，我刚刚在博物馆里看到她的一张照片，前几天，我想它被称为“白上的红叶”，或者类似的东西。

男教授：哦，对了……是的，大的深红色叶子在白色上是完整的标题。这是奥基夫的一幅相当有名的画。

女生：哦，哦，好吧，哇，我在想什么？！我想我应该仔细看看。

男教授：不，不，这是一个非常好的观察结果&nbsp；我的意思是，按时间顺序，当她画那幅画的时候，那是不可能的，彩色胶片甚至还没有发明出来，也没有合适的技术将图片放大到那么大，显示那么多细节。

但那幅画和她的一些其他画确实揭示了摄影的影响……比如，她会“裁剪”她的图像，呃，她会在图像的一部分周围制作一个“框架”，比如说，就在正中心，然后剪下“框架”外的某些部分，以创造她想要的效果……就像摄影师那样。这些画是“特写”——就像你今天在照片中看到的一个人或一朵花。

现在这些技术确实存在，当时被摄影师使用，但只是在照片中，这些照片较小，没有奥基夫所画的那么大。此外，奥基夫师从一位名叫阿瑟·韦斯利·道的艺术家。这就是Dow，D-O-W，他提倡关注简单、基本的形式，比如花的线条和花瓣，他希望形式与原始环境隔离开来。

他相信，通过这样做，艺术家可以揭示物体的本质。嗯……嗯，他会做一些事情，比如，让他的学生们采取一种简单、普通的形式——像一片叶子，并探索各种方法将所有的形状组合成一个正方形，或者将其弯曲，使整个形状与框架相适应。彼得？

男学生：听起来好像奥基夫借用了她的大部分想法——我们可能认为是她的东西——她只是从其他人那里得到的……她并没有自己的风格。

男教授：事实上，艺术家受其他艺术家的影响，受他们的前辈的影响，受他们同时代人的影响，受他们的老师的影响…

艺术家们是在其他艺术家的基础上发展起来的，但如果他们有天赋，他们会朝着某种独特的方向发展，以形成自己独特的风格。

男教授：奥基夫喜欢对真实物体进行抽象解释——在詹妮弗提到的那幅画中，白色的大的深红色叶子，除了夸大叶子的大小外，奥基夫还将其与银色或白色背景并列，因此这更像是一个抽象的背景。等等

现在，奥基夫并不是第一个对真实物体进行抽象解释的艺术家，但她用这种方法来表达她对所画物体的体验……因此，她呈现了一种人们以前从未见过的视觉：它是独一无二的。这很有说服力。

她不希望其他人以她那样的方式体验这个物体，她知道他们会看她的画，并在上面挂上他们自己的联想，我认为这对艺术品来说是正确的；这就是人类大脑的工作方式，呃，但至少他们会仔细观察一些他们从未真正关注过的东西。

三、Georgia O'Keeffe 托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What aspect of Georgia O’Keeffe’s work do the speakers mainly discuss?

A. The kinds of objects that she selected for her paintings

B. The influence of her painting style on photography

C. The major abstract elements in her photographs

D. The techniques that contributed to her distinctive style

Q2:2.According to the professor, what characteristics of Large Dark Red Leaves on White indicate that it could not be a photograph? [Click on 2 answers.]

A. It depicts leaves in a setting that appears to be abstract.

B. It is larger than most photographs of the time.

C. It shows less realistic detail than a photograph does.

D. It included colors that could not have been reproduced in a photograph.

Q3:3.According to the professor, what principles did Arthur Wesley Dow emphasize in his art classes? [Click on 2 answers.]

A. Focusing on simple forms

B. Using color to reveal the essence of an object

C. Separating a form from its natural surroundings

D. Exaggerating the size of a form

Q4:4.In his discussion of O'Keeffe's style, why does the professor describe Large Dark Red Leaves on White?

A. To give an example of a painting that was copied from a photograph

B. To give an example of an abstract interpretation of real objects

C. To point out that some of O'Keeffe's subjects were represented in their natural setting

D. To point out the similarities between O'Keeffe's works and works of other artists

Q5:5.According to the professor, what effect did O’Keeffe expect her paintings to have on viewers?

A. The paintings would create the same personal associations as they did for O’Keeffe.

B. The paintings would make people see ordinary things in a new way.

C. The paintings would mistakenly be seen as photographs.

D. The paintings would inspire an appreciation for nature.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this:

A. To emphasize a point that he made earlier about O’Keeffe’s works

B. To emphasize that the student should have observed the painting more closely

C. To indicate that the student’s conclusion about O’Keeffe was not foolish

D. To indicate that he had not understood the student’s point about the painting

四、Georgia O'Keeffe 托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：BD

A3:正确答案：AC

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：B

A6:正确答案：C