the role of wind托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

the role of wind托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、the role of wind托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a meteorology class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Now,Earth's atmosphere is sort of like a giant weather machine,right?With air and water being its key components.A machine powered by energy from the Sun.So,we need to consider the role that air,or,more specifically,wind,plays in this machine.So wind is really nothing more than moving air,right?

Now as air is heated,and becomes warmer,it expands,it becomes less dense.When air in a particular area is heated,you get a concentration of warm air,an area of low pressure.Uh,likewise,when you get a concentration of cold air,that air's gonna be very dense,so it's gonna create an area of high pressure.If you have an area of high pressure next to an area of low pressure,the colder,high pressure air will start moving toward the area of low pressure,right?And the warmer air will move away,rising above the cooler air.Okay?Uh,yes,Linda?

FEMALE STUDENT:So wind is actually generated by the Sun?

MALE PROFESSOR:Well,Earth's rotation plays a role,and there’re other factors,and we'll come back to all that,but principally,yes.The Sun creates the temperature differential that creates the areas of high pressure and low pressure that create wind.

FEMALE STUDENT:Um,I don’t get what…how it causes a temperature differential…

MALE PROFESSOR:Right.Good.This'll take us to the role of wind in the climate.The key is that the Sun warms up different parts of Earth at different rates,and to different degrees.Uh for example,at,uh,at sunrise the land heats up faster than the ocean…that’s why you get morning sea breezes.The air over the water heats more slowly than air over land,so during the early morning it's cooler and denser than air over land,so it moves in toward land--a sea breeze.

Uh,what else?Um,the Sun's energy is more intense near the equator than it is near the poles.So you've got masses of warmer air over the equatorial regions and masses of cooler air over polar regions and these masses are constantly interacting with each other,which is critically important for Earth's climate.

Uh,one result of these interactions is that equatorial air masses move away from the equator.And in the process,those equatorial winds actually take heat away from the equator and transfer it to some cooler part of Earth.And by redistributing this energy–the Sun's energy,really–winds play a critical role in maintaining a temperature balance from the poles to the equator.

Now winds also help Earth maintain its balance in another way:by transporting water from one part of Earth to another.Water is contained in the air in the form of vapor–mostly through evaporation,mostly from the oceans–and so when the air moves,it carries the vapor with it to some other parts of Earth,where it can deposit it as rain,or snow,some other form of precipitation.

Uh actually,the transfer of heat and water by way of the wind are very closely related…because a primary way that heat energy is transferred by wind is mediated by the process of evaporation.What happens is that a certain amount of heat energy is required to convert liquid water into vapor.So when water evaporates from the ocean,it takes energy to convert that water into a gaseous form,into water vapor.But that heat energy–that conversion energy–doesn't raise the temperature of the water vapor,or of the air.It’s just stored in the water vapor.Then later,when the water vapor converts back to liquid water,that energy is released.

So:when water evaporates,energy's taken from the ocean,and it's stored in the water vapor,in the air.Then the air–the wind–transports the water vapor to some other part of Earth.Then the water vapor converts back into liquid water–it rains,in other words–and the heat energy that was stored in the water vapor is released into the new environment.Okay?

So the transfer of heat and the transfer of water are very closely related.And what's the primary vehicle for this transfer?The wind.So wind is a critical element in the redistribution of both the Sun's energy and Earth's water.

二、the role of wind托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在气象学课上听一节课的一部分。

男教授：现在，地球大气层有点像一台巨大的气象机器，对吗？空气和水是其关键组成部分。由太阳能驱动的机器。因此，我们需要考虑空气，或者更具体地说，风在这台机器中所起的作用。所以风只不过是移动的空气，对吗？

现在，随着空气被加热，变得更热，它膨胀，密度降低。当一个特定区域的空气被加热时，你会得到一个集中的暖空气，一个低压区域。呃，同样，当冷空气集中时，空气会非常稠密，所以会产生一个高压区域。如果在低压区域旁边有一个高压区域，较冷的高压空气将开始向低压区域移动，对吗？温暖的空气会离开，上升到较冷的空气之上。可以嗯，是的，琳达？

女学生：那么风实际上是由太阳产生的？

男教授：嗯，地球自转起了作用，还有其他因素，我们会回到所有这些，但主要是，是的。太阳产生温差，形成高压和低压区域，形成风。

女学生：嗯，我不明白……它是如何引起温差的…

男教授：对。好的这将带我们了解风在气候中的作用。关键是，太阳以不同的速率、不同的程度使地球的不同部分变暖。举个例子，在日出的时候，陆地的升温速度比海洋的要快……这就是为什么会有早晨的海风。水面上的空气比陆地上的空气加热得慢，所以在清晨，它比陆地上的空气更冷，密度更大，所以它向陆地移动——海风。

呃，还有什么？嗯，太阳在赤道附近的能量比在两极附近的能量强。赤道地区有大量的暖空气，极地地区有大量的冷空气，这些空气不断相互作用，这对地球气候至关重要。

呃，这些相互作用的一个结果是赤道气团离开赤道。在这个过程中，这些赤道风实际上将热量从赤道带走，并将其转移到地球较冷的部分。通过重新分配这种能量——实际上是太阳的能量——风在维持从两极到赤道的温度平衡方面起着至关重要的作用。

现在，风还以另一种方式帮助地球保持平衡：将水从地球的一部分输送到另一部分。水以蒸汽的形式存在于空气中，主要是通过蒸发，主要来自海洋，因此当空气运动时，它将蒸汽带到地球的其他部分，在那里它可以以雨或雪的形式沉积，或者其他形式的降水。

呃，实际上，通过风传递热量和水是非常密切相关的……因为通过风传递热能的一种主要方式是通过蒸发过程来调节的。所发生的是，将液态水转化为蒸汽需要一定量的热能。因此，当水从海洋中蒸发时，需要能量才能将水转化为气态，转化为水蒸气。但热能——转换能——不会提高水蒸气或空气的温度。它只是储存在水蒸气中。然后，当水蒸气转化回液态水时，能量就会释放出来。

所以：当水蒸发时，能量从海洋中获取，并储存在空气中的水蒸气中。然后空气——风——将水蒸气输送到地球的其他部分。然后，水蒸气转化回液态水，换句话说，就是下雨，而储存在水蒸气中的热能被释放到新的环境中。可以

所以热量的传递和水的传递是非常密切相关的。这次转移的主要交通工具是什么？风。因此，风是重新分配太阳能量和地球水分的关键因素。

三、the role of wind托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Various kinds of winds

B.Theories about recent changes in Earth's climate

C.The role of wind in regulating Earth's climate

D.The role of air in limiting the amount of the Sun's energy that reaches Earth

Q2:2.According to the lecture,what creates areas of high pressure and low pressure in the atmosphere?

A.The rotation of Earth

B.Wind moving from areas over water to areas over land

C.Differences in temperature at different places on Earth

D.Differences in concentrations of water vapor in different parts of the atmosphere

Q3:3.According to the professor,what are two reasons why all areas of Earth are not heated equally during daylight hours?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Some regions of Earth receive more energy from the Sun than others.

B.The amount of energy emitted by the Sun varies in intensity over the course of the day.

C.The Sun heats stationary air faster than it heats moving air.

D.The Sun heats land faster than it heats water.

Q4:4.What are two benefits of wind mentioned by the professor?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.It transfers water across Earth.

B.It shifts heat from some areas of Earth to others.

C.It helps maintain a constant rate of evaporation of ocean water.

D.It reduces the amount of the Sun’s energy that is absorbed by the ocean.

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the heat stored in water vapor?

A.The heat is rarely transported by the wind.

B.The heat was drawn from the ocean during the evaporation process.

C.The heat's intensity depends on the altitude of the vapor.

D.The heat loses energy over time as it is stored in the vapor.

Q6:6.Why does the professor mean when he says this:

A.He is pleased that the woman made a good observation.

B.He is grateful that the woman has reminded him of a point he neglected to discuss.

C.He thinks that the woman has correctly summarized what he just said.

D.He thinks that the woman has provided a logical transition to his next point.

四、the role of wind托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：AD

A4:正确答案：AB

A5:正确答案：B

A6:正确答案：D