A discussion about animal's deception托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

A discussion about animal's deception托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、A discussion about animal's deception托福听力原文：

Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

Male Student:Hi,Professor Anderson.That was really an interesting lecture in class today.Female Professor:Thanks,Tom.Yeah,animals’use of deception…ways they play tricks on other animals…that’s a fascinating area.One we’re really just starting to understand.Male Student:Yeah.You know,selective adaptations over time are one thing…oh,like uh,nonpoisonous butterflies that have come to look like poisonous ones…But the idea that animals of the same species intentionally deceive each other…I’d never heard that before.

Female Professor:Right,like... uh,like—there are male frogs who lower their voices and end up sounding bigger than they really are.Male Student:So they do that to keep other frogs from invading their territory.

Female Professor:Right.Bigger frogs have deeper voices,so if a smaller frog can imitate that deep voice,well…Male Student:Yeah,I can see how that might do the trick.But uh…anyway…what I wanted to ask was,when you started talking about game theory,well,I know a little bit about it,but I’m not clear about its use in biology.Female Professor:Yeah…it’s fairly new to biology.Basically,it uses math to predict what an individual will do under certain circumstances.For example—a business sells…oh,computers,say.And they want to sell their computers to a big university.But there’s another company bidding,too.So what should they do?Male Student:Well,try to offer the lowest price so they can compete,but still make money.Female Professor:Right,they’re competing—like a game,like the frogs.There’re risks with pricing too high,the other company might get the sale…there’s also the number and type of computers to consider.Each company has to find a balance between the costs and benefits.Well,game theory creates mathematical models that analyze different conditions like these to predict outcomes.

Male Student:OK,I-I get that.But how does it apply to animals?

Female Professor:Well…You know,if you’re interested in this topic,it would be perfect for your term paper.

Male Student:The literature review?Female Professor:Yeah.Find three journal articles about this...or another topic that interests you…and discuss them.If there’s a conflict in the conclusions or something…that’d be important to discuss.Male Student:Well,from what I’ve looked at dealing with game theory…I can’t say I understand much of the statistics end.Female Professor:Well,I can point you to some that present fairly basic studies…that don’t assume much background knowledge.You’ll just need to answer a few specific questions…what was the researchers’hypothesis…what did they want to find out. And how did they conduct their research…and then the conclusions they came to.Learning to interpret the statistics will come later.

二、A discussion about animal's deception托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听一段学生和教授之间的对话。

男学生：嗨，安德森教授。今天的课上真是一场有趣的讲座。女教授：谢谢，汤姆。是的，动物使用欺骗手段……他们捉弄其他动物的方式……这是一个令人着迷的领域。这一点我们才真正开始了解。男学生：是的。你知道，随着时间的推移，选择性的适应是一回事……哦，就像无毒的蝴蝶看起来像有毒的蝴蝶……但是同一物种的动物故意互相欺骗的想法……我以前从未听说过。

女教授：对，就像；呃，就像有些雄性青蛙会降低声音，最终听起来比实际的大。男学生：所以他们这样做是为了防止其他青蛙入侵他们的领地。

女教授：对。大一点的青蛙声音更深，所以如果小一点的青蛙能模仿那深沉的声音，那么……男学生：是的，我能看出这是怎么回事。但呃……不管怎样……我想问的是，当你开始谈论博弈论时，我对它有一点了解，但我不清楚它在生物学中的用途。女教授：是的……这对生物学来说是相当新的。基本上，它使用数学来预测一个人在特定情况下会做什么。例如，一家公司出售……哦，比如说电脑。他们想把电脑卖给一所大大学。但也有另一家公司在竞标。那么他们应该怎么做呢？男生：好吧，试着提供最低的价格，这样他们就可以竞争，但仍然可以赚钱。女教授：对，他们就像青蛙一样，像游戏一样竞争。定价过高有风险，另一家公司可能会被出售……还有计算机的数量和类型需要考虑。每个公司都必须在成本和收益之间找到平衡。嗯，博弈论创建了数学模型，可以分析像这样的不同条件来预测结果。

男学生：好的，我明白了。但它如何适用于动物呢？

女教授：嗯……你知道，如果你对这个话题感兴趣，它会很适合你的学期论文。

男学生：文献综述？女教授：是的。查找三篇关于此的期刊文章。。。或者是你感兴趣的另一个话题……并讨论它们。如果结论中有冲突或其他什么…这将是重要的讨论。男学生：嗯，从我对博弈论的理解来看……我不能说我了解很多统计数据。女教授：好吧，我可以给你指出一些相当基础的研究……它们不需要太多的背景知识。你只需要回答几个具体的问题……研究人员的假设是什么……他们想找出什么；他们是如何进行研究的……然后得出结论的。稍后将学习解释统计数据。

三、A discussion about animal's deception托福听力问题：

Q1:1.Why does the man go to see the professor?

A.To ask for help in choosing a topic for his term paper

B.To ask the professor to explain how to complete an assignment

C.To ask about a point raised in a recent lecture

D.To offer to help the professor with her research project

Q2:2.Why does the professor mention male frogs that lower their voices?

A.To give an example of a behavior that can be predicted using game theory

B.To reinforce the definition of"selective adaptation"

C.To give an example of deceptive behavior in animals

D.To compare the behavior of butterflies and frogs

Q3:3.Why does the professor talk about computers?

A.To help the man understand game theory

B.To describe how biologists analyze data about adaptation

C.To suggest a way for the man to find information about game theory

D.To explain the format required for the man's term paper

Q4:4.What does the man need to do for his term paper?

A.Interpret the statistical data in a journal article

B.Summarize the information in several published studies

C.Discuss a current controversy in biological research

D.Design an experiment that uses game theory

Q5:5.The man expresses reservations about the suggested topic for his term paper.What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations?

A.She thinks the man has demonstrated the necessary background in statistics.

B.She thinks the man should choose a topic he is more comfortable with.

C.She thinks the man should ask another student to help him understand the statistics.

D.She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary.

四、A discussion about animal's deception托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：D