Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力原文翻译及问题答案，今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力原文：

In this course,we’ll look at the basic problems every economy must face.We’ll focus on the modern industrial economy,and how it solves the problems of what,how,and for whom goods are produced.We’ll examine the market mechanism,how the problems of production are solved through a system of markets and prices.

The market system isn’t perfect.In fact,it’s far from perfect,but it’s one way to solve the problems of production.Let me just say one thing before we go on.No human economy today is purely a market economy.What we have in most capitalist societies today is known as a mixed economy.

In a mixed economy,the markets and the government share economic control over the direction of the market.The government has an important role in regulating business activity.A pure market system would have no government intervention—just consumers and businesses interacting through markets to determine the answers to the basic questions of economic organization.

OK.It’s essential to understand how a pure market system works.Basically,it works like this:consumers are kind of like voters.They use their money like votes to buy what they want.My votes compete with your votes over the goods we both want to buy.The consumers with the most dollar votes have the most influence over what gets produced and to whom goods go.In economics,the consumer is king.

The consumer is like a king—or a dictator,really,if we’re talking about a pure market system.In a pure market,the consumer would dictate the type and quantity and price of the goods that get produced.Of course,it’s not exactly like that in the real world because real consumers don’t always have complete information about goods,and,of course,real consumers can be influenced by advertising.

OK.Let’s take a look at how the consumer’s money votes operate in the marketplace.What I mean is,we’ll examine the theory of the two central economic forces:supply and demand,and how they influence each other and are eventually brought into balance by the price of the good.

First,let’s consider demand.In economics,“demand”refers to the amount of a good or service that people are ready to buy.Generally speaking,the quantity that people will buy depends on the price.The higher the price of a good,the less of it people will buy.The lower the price,the more they’ll buy.So you can see there’s a definite relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.The connection between price and quantity is clear.When the price of a good is raised,consumer demand for it goes down.But when the price falls,demand increases,as more people will be willing and able to buy it at a lower price.

OK.That’s demand.Now,what about supply?In economics,“supply”means how much of a good producers are willing to supply.Goods are supplied by businesses.Businesses—if they’re competitive—they don’t supply goods for fun.They supply goods for profit.They’ll supply more of a good when the price is high because it’s more profitable to do so.But when the price is low,producers will choose to supply some other more profitable good instead.

I’ve just given you the briefest summary of market economics.Tomorrow we’ll look at just how supply and demand work in a real-world mixed economy.We’ll see how the market price of a good is a function of supply and demand...how the price is a sort of agreement between the people who sell a good and the people who buy it.

二、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力中文翻译：

在本课程中，我们将探讨每个经济体都必须面对的基本问题。我们将关注现代工业经济，以及它如何解决生产什么、如何生产以及为谁生产商品的问题。我们将研究市场机制，以及如何通过市场和价格体系解决生产问题。

市场体系不完善。事实上，这还远远不够完美，但这是解决生产问题的一种方法。在我们继续之前，我只想说一件事。今天，没有一种人类经济是纯粹的市场经济。我们今天在大多数资本主义社会所拥有的是一种混合经济。

在混合经济中，市场和政府共同控制着市场的方向。政府在规范商业活动方面发挥着重要作用。一个纯粹的市场体系没有政府干预，只有消费者和企业通过市场进行互动，以确定经济组织基本问题的答案。

好啊理解一个纯粹的市场体系是如何运作的是至关重要的。基本上，它是这样运作的：消费者有点像选民。他们像投票一样用自己的钱来买自己想要的东西。在我们都想买的商品上，我的票与你的票竞争。拥有最多美元票数的消费者对生产什么以及商品流向谁的影响最大。在经济学中，消费者是王者。

如果我们谈论的是一个纯粹的市场体系，那么消费者就像一个国王或独裁者。在纯市场中，消费者会决定生产的商品的类型、数量和价格。当然，这与现实世界并不完全一样，因为真实的消费者并不总是拥有关于商品的完整信息，当然，真实的消费者也会受到广告的影响。

好啊让我们看看消费者的金钱投票在市场上是如何运作的。我的意思是，我们将研究两种核心经济力量的理论：供给和需求，以及它们如何相互影响，并最终通过商品价格达到平衡。

首先，让我们考虑一下需求。在经济学中，“需求”是指人们准备购买的商品或服务的数量。一般来说，人们购买的数量取决于价格。商品价格越高，人们购买的商品就越少。价格越低，他们会买得越多。所以你可以看到一种商品的价格和需求量之间存在着一定的关系。价格和数量之间的联系很清楚。当一种商品的价格上涨时，消费者对它的需求就会下降。但当价格下跌时，需求就会增加，因为更多的人愿意并且能够以更低的价格购买。

好啊这就是需求。现在，供应如何？在经济学中，“供给”意味着一个好的生产者愿意提供多少。商品由企业提供。企业如果有竞争力，就不会提供好玩的商品。他们供应商品是为了盈利。当价格高时，他们会提供更多的商品，因为这样做更有利可图。但当价格较低时，生产商将选择提供其他更有利可图的商品。

我刚刚给了你市场经济学的最简要的总结。明天，我们将看看在现实世界的混合经济中，供需是如何运作的。我们将看到一种商品的市场价格是如何随供求关系变化的。。。价格是销售商品的人和购买商品的人之间达成的一种协议。

三、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Basic problems in every society

B.How a market economy works

C.The power of consumers

D.Economics as a career choice

Q2:Why does the professor say this:

A.To complain about government’s power over business

B.To give examples of economic organizations

C.To criticize the unfairness of the capitalist system

D.To contrast a pure market economy with a mixed economy

Q3:What does the professor mean when she says this:

A.Consumers prefer buying goods that are well made.

B.Consumers have the right to vote to elect their leaders.

C.Consumers use their money like votes when they buy goods.

D.Consumers and voters are both manipulated by advertising.

Q4:According to the professor,why does the demand for a good increase when the price decreases?

A.Decreasing the price will improve the quality of the good.

B.More people are able to buy the good at the lower price.

C.Suppliers have higher production costs and higher profits.

D.Consumers will have access to a greater variety of goods.

Q5:What does the professor imply about the supply of a good?

A.The supply of a good can increase,but never decrease.

B.An economist determines how much of a good to supply.

C.Producers have little control over the supply of a good.

D.The supply of a good is directly related to its price.

Q6:

What will the next lecture probably be about?

A.Examples of how supply and demand affect prices

B.Why the market system is not fair to consumers

C.How the factory system developed in the real world

D.Market economics in communist and tribal societies

四、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：D

A3:正确答案：C

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：D

A6:正确答案：A