New Wallpaper Designs托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

New Wallpaper Designs托福听力原文翻译及问题答案，今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、New Wallpaper Designs托福听力原文：

As the industrial revolution took hold in early 19th century,England. Uh,the increased availability of cheap goods made in the latest styles was taken advantage of by the rising middle class. Home decoration became very popular. And this LED to the popularity of mass produced carpets and wallpaper in all sorts of ornate patterns and bright colors. And while this explosion of manufacturing LED to breakthroughs in the kinds of designs that could be produced,it didn't necessarily lead to improvements in design quality.

According to a group of designers and social critics in England,who were known as design reformers. And we'll talk more about them in a minute. The great exhibition of 1851 in London,uh showcase,the new wallpaper designs and styles. There you had thousands of exhibits that were meant to celebrate how Good Contemporary manufacturing was. There were many,many machine made wallpapers on display there with prizes awarded to some of the best pieces. There are a lot of very detailed patterns and bright colors. Some papers had very realistic pictures and others had special effects like the illusion of depth.So you'd think this would be good. But the exhibition LED to outraged newspaper editorials,criticizing how poor public taste was. The British inspector general for art actually wrote a report specifically about the wallpaper at the exposition. In his view,the judges gave awards based on technical aspect,like the number of colors used in the papers,rather than on more traditional aesthetic criteria,like beauty or simplicity.

Uh,despite being a leader in industrial progress,England,by some accounts,seemed to be lagging behind its rival France in terms of design quality. And some design reformers worried that the nation could lose its advantage in international trade if designs weren't changed. So the new technical abilities in production introduced by the industrial revolution,uh,prompted or enabled these new wallpaper designs. You see,manufacturers had figured out how to use engraved metal rollers in the production of wall paper. Using metal rollers to print wallpaper allowed a level of extremely fine detail and shading that previously had not been possible. I mean,before the papers were being made by block printing,which was pretty imprecise,uh,plus the new production techniques made wall paper a lot cheaper to buy since it reduced production costs.

And these new wallpapers were popular. To the average industrialist,good design meant whatever sold the best,popular taste,equated ornate embellishment with excellence. So many manufacturers created wall papers with as much surface decoration as possible. Graphic elements from different areas were combined without regard to period or,or stylistic unity.And designs became increasingly cluttered.

All of which irritated design purists,even the Victorian era writers mock the wallpaper design trend. In his 1852 short story,a house full of horrors,the writer Henry Morley described the garish combination of mismatch design elements that represented the new style in wallpaper design. Quote,the paper in my parlor contains 4 kinds of birds of paradise besides bridges and pagodas. Wilkie Collins described another of the new wall papers as,quote,a gaudy pattern of birds,trellis work and flowers in red and green on a white background. And quote,one technique,in particular,became associated with the new wallpapers. Trompe I’oeil,um,Trompe I’oeil that's French for tricking or cheating the eye was a design technique that created visual illusions. So you'd have wallpaper that actually looked like marble or wood,grain,or maybe like aged leather.

Now,the design reform critics,they oppose this. They thought that Trompe I’oeil designs were inherently deceptive,because they made walls look like something they were not. This was also,this was the design reformers critique of the three dimensional illusions of death. To them,It was all a type of lying.So these designs were actually immoral. And..and according to their shaky logic,if people filled their houses with wallpapers that were visually deceitful,then the inhabitants would become deceitful,too. Yeah.Right.When they created wall papers,design,reform,advocates avoided illusions and visual deceptions. They created primarily geometric,two dimensional patterns,which they said would confirm the wall as a flat surface,rather than disguise or misrepresent it. And they used fewer and more subdued colors in their wallpaper. So it's probably not surprising that design reform products didn't do well in the marketplace. From the 1840s,on the three dimensional and Trompe I’oeil designs continue to sell in huge quantities despite their supposed corrupting influence. Meanwhile,design reforms,geometric patterns sold in small quantities,and were used mainly to decorate government buildings instead of homes.

二、New Wallpaper Designs托福听力中文翻译：

随着19世纪初工业革命的爆发，英国呃，最新款式的廉价商品越来越多，这被不断上升的中产阶级所利用家庭装饰变得非常流行这导致了大量生产的地毯和壁纸的流行，它们有各种华丽的图案和鲜艳的颜色虽然制造业的爆炸性发展导致了可生产设计的突破，但这并不一定会提高设计质量。

据英国一组被称为设计改革家的设计师和社会评论家称稍后我们将进一步讨论它们1851年在伦敦举办的大型展览展示了新的壁纸设计和风格在那里，你有成千上万的展品，旨在庆祝当代制造业的卓越那里展出了许许多多机器制作的壁纸，其中一些最佳作品获得了奖品有很多非常详细的图案和明亮的颜色有些报纸有非常逼真的图片，还有一些报纸有特殊效果，比如深度错觉。所以你会觉得这很好但这次展览引发了愤怒的报纸社论，批评公众品味有多差英国艺术总监在博览会上专门写了一份关于壁纸的报告在他看来，评委们的奖项是基于技术层面的，比如论文中使用的颜色数量，而不是基于更传统的审美标准，比如美或简单。

嗯，尽管在工业进步方面处于领先地位，但据一些人说，英国在设计质量方面似乎落后于其竞争对手法国一些设计改革者担心，如果不改变设计，美国可能会失去在国际贸易中的优势因此，工业革命带来的新的生产技术能力，促使或促成了这些新的壁纸设计你看，制造商已经想出了如何在墙纸生产中使用雕刻金属辊使用金属滚筒打印壁纸，可以获得以前无法达到的极其精细的细节和明暗效果我的意思是，在纸被木版印刷之前，这是非常不精确的，嗯，再加上新的生产技术使得墙纸买起来便宜得多，因为它降低了生产成本。

这些新壁纸很受欢迎对于一般的实业家来说，好的设计意味着任何卖得最好的东西，流行的品味，把华丽的装饰等同于卓越因此，许多制造商创造了尽可能多的表面装饰墙纸来自不同地区的图形元素被组合在一起，不考虑时期或风格的统一性。设计变得越来越杂乱。

所有这些都激怒了设计纯粹主义者，甚至维多利亚时代的作家也嘲笑壁纸设计潮流作家亨利·莫利（Henry Morley）在其1852年的短篇小说《充满恐怖的房子》中描述了代表壁纸设计新风格的不匹配设计元素的华丽组合引述一下，我客厅里的报纸上除了桥梁和宝塔外，还有4种天堂鸟威尔基·柯林斯（Wilkie Collins）将另一份新墙纸描述为，引述一句话，白色背景上的鸟、格子和红色和绿色花朵的华丽图案引用一句话，有一种技术尤其与新壁纸相关trompei'oeil，嗯，trompeioeil是法语，用来欺骗或欺骗眼睛是一种创造视觉错觉的设计技术所以你会有一张看起来像大理石、木头、谷粒，或者像旧皮革的壁纸。

现在，设计改革批评家们反对这一点他们认为Trompe I'oeil的设计天生具有欺骗性，因为它们使墙壁看起来不像它们原来的样子这也是，这是设计改革者对三维死亡幻觉的批判对他们来说，这都是一种谎言。因此，这些设计实际上是不道德的；而且，根据他们不可靠的逻辑，如果人们用视觉上具有欺骗性的壁纸填充他们的房子，那么居民也会变得欺骗性；是啊正当当他们创造墙纸、设计和改革时，倡导者避免了幻想和视觉欺骗他们主要创造了几何、二维图案，他们说这将确认墙是一个平面，而不是伪装或歪曲它他们在壁纸中使用的颜色越来越柔和因此，设计改革产品在市场上表现不佳可能并不奇怪从19世纪40年代开始，尽管三维和特罗普·伊尔的设计被认为具有腐败的影响，但它们仍在大量销售同时，设计改革，

三、New Wallpaper Designs托福听力问题：

Q1:What aspect of nineteenth-century interior design does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Ways that French designs affected popular taste in decorating in England

B.Elements that interfered with the international trade in wallpaper designs

C.The controversy over how much impact the design reform movement had on wallpaper patterns

D.The controversy over new wallpaper designs made possible by advances in technology

Q2:Why did design reformers criticize the wallpapers that won awards at the Exhibition of 1851?

A.The wallpapers were made using few colors and little ornamentation.

B.The wallpapers were selected for technical rather than aesthetic merit.

C.The wallpapers were poor imitations of French designs.

D.The wallpapers were not made of high quality paper.

Q3:What effect did the use of engraved metal rollers have on wallpaper production?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.It lowered the cost of making wallpaper.

B.It enabled the first printings of geometric patterns.

C.It reduced the use of trompe I'oeil design.

D.It allowed for the printing of very fine detail.

Q4:Why does the professor read descriptive passages from Victorian writers?

A.To point out the connection between interior design and literary form

B.To show why the new wallpapers irritated some critics

C.To demonstrate that the new wallpapers deserved poetic description

D.To show that wallpaper was centrally important to home decoration

Q5:What is the professor’s attitude toward design reformers who opposed trompe I’oeil wallpapers?

A.He is impressed by their ability to think critically.

B.He thinks they are misunderstood by other art critics.

C.He feels they were overly dependent on the latest technology.

D.He thinks their arguments lack credibility.

四、New Wallpaper Designs托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：AD

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：D