Clovis people&caches托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Clovis people&caches托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Clovis people&caches托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:We will be looking at the original settlement of the Americas next,and I'll spend the next few classes talking about the Clovis people and the two big questions archaeologists have about them...

...the two big questions are,when did the Clovis people arrive in the Americas?And,of course,were they the first people in the Western Hemisphere?And we'll get to that.But for today,let's try to get an idea about,well,a question that's not addressed as much as the others and that's what was their culture like?And how do we figure that out?Now,again,there's a great debate about when the Clovis people first arrived in the Americas.And I am not like a lot of archaeologists who want to push the number way back,so let's use a round number and probably a safe number and say 11,000 years ago.The Clovis people were likely settling North America 11,000 years ago.And leave it at that for now.Now,most of what we know about the Clovis people comes from one of their tools:the Clovis point.When we talk about a point we are referring to a piece of stone that's worked to a sharp point,in this case probably to be attached to a spear.The Clovis point may be the most analyzed artifact in archaeology.

And the point used by Clovis people differs slightly from later points,in the way that the base of the stone is thinned,uh,it's thinner toward the base,the part that's attached to the spear.So when one is found,it's usually not confused with points made by later groups.Clovis points have been discovered at both hunting grounds and camp sites,which you might expect.But another fascinating place we find them is in Clovis caches.A cache is just something stored or hidden away.It's also the term for the place where it's hidden.

The Clovis caches are collections of tools,stone points and other tools made of stone or bone,often at various stages of manufacturing,some were left unfinished.The traditional explanation is that these were emergency supplies,uh,meant to be used at a later time.Since the Clovis people were highly mobile,it's plausible that they would set up spots along established travel routes where they keep a variety of items.Either so that they wouldn't have to carry everything with them or so they could save time once they arrived at a site by not having to make stuff from scratch.But there's another theory about the caches based on the quality of some of the points we've found.You see,the points in some caches differ from other points,from points at Clovis camp sites for example.For one thing,these cache points are quite large,up to twice as large as regular points,so big that you couldn't attach one to a spear say,and expect to throw the spear accurately over any distance.So what were they for?Well,it was originally thought that they were unfinished,that someone was working away a point,then had to stop and put it aside in one of these caches to work on later.The problem is:it's unlikely that a point would have started out as large as the points in these caches.That would be a lot of stone to chip away.

A toolmaker starts with a smaller piece.And actually,far from being unfinished,a lot of these points really show excellent craftsmanship and attention to detail.And not just with respect to the skill,but also with respect to the raw material,it seems that cached points are made from the very best pieces of stone.So we have to ask:could these points have served another purpose?Maybe they weren't just tools.Look at it this way.When the Clovis people first arrived in the Americas,they had a lot to learn about their new environment.Over time,they would have begun to recognize some places as special,important for some reason.Maybe there was always water available there.Or the hunting was especially good.So maybe the cache was a way to mark the place as significant.

二、Clovis people&caches托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听一节考古学课上的讲座。女教授：接下来我们将研究美洲的原始定居点，接下来的几节课我将讨论克洛维斯人以及考古学家对他们的两大问题。。。

…两个大问题是，克洛维斯人什么时候到达美洲的？当然，他们是西半球的第一批人吗？我们会解决的。但今天，让我们试着了解一个问题，这个问题没有其他问题那么多，他们的文化是什么样的？我们怎么知道呢？现在，关于克洛维斯人第一次来到美洲是什么时候，有一场大辩论。我不像很多考古学家那样想把数字推回过去，所以让我们使用一个整数，可能是一个安全的数字，比如11000年前。克洛维斯人可能在11000年前定居北美。现在就这样吧。现在，我们对克洛维斯人的了解大多来自他们的工具之一：克洛维斯点。当我们谈论一个点时，我们指的是一块石头，它被加工成一个尖锐的点，在这种情况下，可能是附在矛上的。克洛维斯角可能是考古学中分析最多的人工制品。

克洛维斯人使用的点与后来的点略有不同，因为石头的底部变薄了，呃，朝着底部，也就是连接到矛上的部分变薄了。因此，当一个被发现时，它通常不会与后来的小组提出的观点相混淆。在狩猎场和营地都发现了克洛维斯点，这可能是你所期望的。但我们发现它们的另一个迷人的地方是克洛维斯的藏匿处。缓存只是存储或隐藏的东西。它也是一个隐藏的地方的术语。

克洛维斯的藏品是由石头或骨头制成的工具、石尖和其他工具的集合，通常处于不同的制造阶段，其中一些未完成。传统的解释是，这些是应急物资，呃，准备以后使用。由于克洛维斯人的流动性很强，他们可能会沿着既定的旅行路线设立地点，在那里存放各种物品。这样一来，他们就不必随身携带任何东西，或者在到达一个站点后，不必从头开始制作东西，从而节省时间。但是还有另一种关于缓存的理论，基于我们发现的一些点的质量。你看，一些缓存中的点不同于其他点，例如克洛维斯营地的点。一方面，这些缓存点相当大，是常规点的两倍，大到你无法将一个连接到矛上，并期望将矛准确地抛过任何距离。那幺，他们是为了什么？好吧，最初人们认为它们是未完成的，有人正在努力解决一个问题，然后不得不停下来，把它放在这些缓存中的一个，以后再处理。问题是：一个点不太可能像这些缓存中的点那样大。那将是一个很大的石头。

工具制造者从较小的工件开始。事实上，这些点中的很多都不是未完成的，而是展示了出色的工艺和对细节的关注。不仅在技能方面，而且在原材料方面，似乎缓存点是由最好的石头制成的。因此，我们不得不问：这些观点是否有其他用途？也许它们不仅仅是工具。这样看。当克洛维斯人第一次来到美洲时，他们对新环境有很多了解。随着时间的推移，他们会因为某种原因开始认识到一些地方的特殊性和重要性。也许那里总是有水。或者说打猎特别好。所以，也许缓存是一种将这个地方标记为重要的方式。

三、Clovis people&caches托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the method used to date Clovis caches

B.To compare two different types of Clovis caches

C.To discuss possible interpretations of Clovis caches

D.To show how caches indicate the route traveled by the Clovis people

Q2:2.What does the professor imply when she mentions a debateabout when the Clovis people arrived in the Americas?

A.An arrival date of 11,000 years ago is acceptable for the purpose of her lecture.

B.An arrival date of 11,000 years ago is inconsistent with some aspects of Clovis culture.

C.Only a few archaeologists believe the arrival date is much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

D.The debate about the arrival date of the Clovis people has recently been settled.

Q3:3.According to the lecture,what is the traditional explanation for Clovis caches?

A.They were supplies kept in storage for future use.

B.They were valuable items for trading with other groups.

C.They were carved objects that served as maps.

D.They were forms of communication.

Q4:4.According to the lecture,what is indicated by the size of the points found in some Clovis caches?

A.Methods of tool making varied between different Clovis groups.

B.The Clovis people made a variety of tools for different purposes.

C.The points may not have been functional tools.

D.The larger points made the Clovis people's spears more effective.

Q5:5.What were two characteristics of tools found in Clovis caches?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.They were made later than other Clovis tools.

B.They were skillfully made.

C.They were carved with particular symbols.

D.They were made of the best pieces of stone.

Q6:6.According to the alternative hypothesis the professor mentions,why might the Clovis people have buried caches?

A.To indicate that they were the owners of the land

B.To pass cultural knowledge to future generations

C.To recognize that a place had a special meaning

D.To give a name to a particular area

四、Clovis people&caches托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：A

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：BD

A6:正确答案：C