Earth Radiation Budget托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Earth Radiation Budget托福听力原文翻译及问题答案，关于这个问题中国教育在线外语平台小编就简单为大家说一下。

一、Earth Radiation Budget托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Basically,a cloud either contributes to the cooling of Earth's surface or to its heating.Earth's climate system is constantly trying to strike a balance between the cooling and warming effects of clouds.

It's very close,but overall,the cumulative effect of clouds is to cool Earth rather than heat it.And this balance between the amount of solar radiation—energy from the Sun—that's absorbed by Earth and the amount that's reflected back into space, we call this Earth's"radiation budget."And one way we keep track of the radiation budget is by looking at the albedo of the different surfaces on the planet.

A surface's albedo is the percentage of incoming solar energy...sunlight...that's reflected off that surface back into space. Oceans have a low albedo,because they reflect very little energy;most of the solar energy that reaches the ocean gets absorbed and heats the water.Um?rain forests also have low albedos.

Well,by contrast,deserts and areas covered by ice or snow,these places have high albedos.And clouds—in general—clouds also have high albedos.That means that a large percentage of the solar energy clouds receive is reflected back into space.OK?now when we say that clouds have a high albedo,we're talking about the effect of all the clouds on Earth averaged together.But different types of clouds have different reflective properties—they have different albedos.FEMALE STUDENT:So which type of clouds cools Earth?And which type heat it?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,high,thin clouds contribute to heating,while low,thick clouds cool Earth. High,thin clouds are very transparent to solar radiation,like,eh,clear air.So,they mostly transmit incoming solar energy down to Earth; there's not much reflection going on at all.At the same time,these clouds trap in some of Earth's heat.Because of the trapped heat,these clouds have an overall heating effect.

MALE STUDENT:Oh,OK,so since low,thick clouds are not transparent to radiation?MALE PROFESSOR:...exactly,they block much of the solar energy so it never reaches Earth's surface. They reflect much of it back out in to space.

FEMALE STUDENT:So that's how clouds contribute to cooling.MALE PROFESSOR:Yep.And as I said earlier,this cooling effect predominates.Now,what if there was a process that could control the types of clouds that form?MALE STUDENT:Are you talking about controlling the weather?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,I'm not sure I would go that far.But,we recently noticed an increase in cloud cover over an area of the ocean waters around Antarctica—an increased area of low,thick clouds,the type that reflects a large portion of solar energy back to space and cools the Earth.

Well,the reason for this increased cloud cover,it turns out,is the exceptionally large amount of microscopic marine plants. Well,the current hypothesis is that these microorganisms produce a chemical—dimethyl sulfide—that interacts with the oxygen in the air,creating conditions that lead to the formation of the low,thick clouds we've observed.

Well,that's true.It could have huge implications.So,maybe we are talking about controlling the weather.Perhaps,if the microorganisms near Antarctica really are responsible,perhaps we can accelerate the process somehow.

二、Earth Radiation Budget托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在环境科学课上听讲座的一部分。

男教授：基本上，云要么有助于地球表面的冷却，要么有助于地球表面的加热。地球的气候系统一直在试图在云层的冷却和变暖效应之间取得平衡。

虽然距离很近，但总的来说，云的累积效应是冷却地球而不是加热地球。地球吸收的太阳辐射能量与反射回太空的太阳辐射能量之间的平衡；我们称之为地球的“辐射收支”我们跟踪辐射收支的一种方法是观察地球上不同表面的反照率。

地表反照率是入射太阳能的百分比。。。阳光从表面反射回太空；海洋的反照率很低，因为它们反射的能量很少；大部分到达海洋的太阳能被吸收并加热海水。嗯？雨林的反照率也很低。

相比之下，沙漠和冰雪覆盖地区的反射率很高。一般来说，云的反照率也很高。这意味着云层接收到的大部分太阳能被反射回太空。好啊现在，当我们说云有很高的反照率时，我们谈论的是地球上所有云平均起来的影响。但是不同类型的云有不同的反射特性，它们有不同的反照率。女学生：那么哪种云能让地球变冷呢？哪种类型的加热呢？男教授：嗯，高而薄的云层有助于加热，而低而厚的云层使地球变冷；高而薄的云层对太阳辐射非常透明，就像，呃，清澈的空气。因此，它们主要将入射的太阳能传输到地球；根本没有什么反思。与此同时，这些云层还夹杂着地球的一些热量。由于捕获的热量，这些云具有整体加热效应。

男学生：哦，好吧，既然低云、厚云对辐射不透明？男教授：。。。确切地说，它们阻挡了大部分太阳能，所以它永远无法到达地球表面；它们将大部分信息反射回太空。

女学生：这就是云对冷却的作用。男教授：是的。正如我前面所说，这种冷却效应占主导地位。现在，如果有一个过程可以控制形成的云的类型呢？男学生：你说的是控制天气吗？男教授：嗯，我不确定我会走那么远。但是，我们最近注意到，南极洲周围海域的云量增加了，低云和厚云的面积也增加了，这种云层将大部分太阳能反射回太空，并冷却地球。

事实证明，云量增加的原因是大量的微小海洋植物；目前的假设是，这些微生物产生一种化学二甲基硫化物，它与空气中的氧气相互作用，创造条件，导致我们观察到的低云、厚云的形成。

嗯，那是真的。这可能会产生巨大的影响。所以，也许我们在谈论控制天气。也许，如果南极洲附近的微生物真的是罪魁祸首，也许我们可以以某种方式加速这一过程。

三、Earth Radiation Budget托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Ways of identifying different types of clouds

B.Recent research findings about the causes of global warming

C.The impact of clouds on global temperatures

D.The impact of human activity on cloud formation

Q2:2.According to the professor,what is Earth's radiation budget?

A.The average temperature difference between land masses and bodies of water

B.The balance between incoming solar energy and reflected solar energy

C.The percentage of incoming solar energy that gets trapped in clouds

D.The portion of marine species that has been affected by global warming

Q3:3.Why does the professor discuss albedo?

A.To point out that different surfaces have different reflective properties

B.To suggest that the reflective surfaces on Earth should be increased

C.To demonstrate how a cloud's thickness is measured

D.To explain why clear air reflects a large amount of solar energy back to space

Q4:4.What can be inferred from the lecture about the effects of different types of clouds on Earth's climate?

A.Low,thick clouds increase ocean temperatures much more than high,thin clouds do.

B.The cooling effect of low,thick clouds is stronger overall than the heating effect of high,thin clouds.

C.The effect of low,thick clouds is understood better than the effect of high,thin clouds.

D.The effect of low,thick clouds is much more variable than the effect of high,thin clouds.

Q5:5.What does the professor say about microscopic plants in the ocean near Antarctica?

A.They have been raising the ocean's albedo.

B.Their population is increasing due to global warming.

C.They grow more rapidly when cloud cover is thin.

D.They produce a chemical that leads to cloud formation.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this?

A.To reintroduce a topic from a previous lecture.

B.To correct a common misunderstanding.

C.To encourage students to express their own opinions.

D.To revise his previous response to a student's question.

四、Earth Radiation Budget托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：D

A6:正确答案：D