Plants And Pollinators托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Plants And Pollinators托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Plants And Pollinators托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a botany class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:When we talk about pollination ecology,we are talking about the relationship between a plant and its pollinator.From the plants'perspective,the ideal pollinator is an animal that is under-fed,ready to eat and in a hurry.The pollinator,on the other hand,wants to remain well-fed with as little effort as possible.

These factors help drive the evolution of plants and their pollinators,both of which depend on this balanced and delicate relationship.Sometimes only certain insects or birds can pollinate certain plant species.So to really understand pollination ecology,both the flower and its pollinators must be studied.Let's start with flowers.There are several important factors associated with pollination:when and how often a plan flowers,how long the flowering cycle lasts,and the number of flowers that open at the same time.For example,flowering may coincide with the migration of a certain animal species that pollinates the plant,or producing many flowers at once may increase the number of pollinators a plant attracts.Other characteristics of flowers are also important.Features such as color,scent and shape attract pollinators,as does the reward in the flower,the pollen or the nectar,that feeds the pollinator.For example,flowers that attract bats tend to be green or cream-colored,because visibility is important.Bats are practically blind,remember.And these flowers bloom at night when bats are active.

Now,there's a flower in the Amazon rainforest called a royal water lily and the characteristics of its flowers change during the pollination process.The royal water lily uses color,temperature and scent to attract the beetles that pollinate it.When the flowers of the royal water lily first open up,when they first bloom,they are white.They also emit a strong odor and their temperature rises.Producing heat serves two purposes.

It magnifies the scent of the flower and it helps the beetles maintain their body temperature.When a beetle arrives at the flower,the flower closes around it for about 24 hours so that the beetle becomes covered with pollen.Then when the flower opens,its color changes to red and it cools down.When the beetle flies out,it carries the pollen to a different,heated,white,fragrant flower.As you can see,plants go to a lot of trouble to attract attention.So what kind of attention are they attracting?And why?Well,sometimes flowers provide shelter for insects,a place to lay eggs for instance.

But usually the attraction is food:nectar and pollen.Nectar is mainly a sugar solution,while pollen is a grain made up of part of the plant's cell structure.In both nectar and pollen production,quality and quantity vary over time.But they are always related to the needs of the pollinator.You can see that the relationship between pollinators and plants are delicate,so any number of factors can disturb them.Human development is one.And agriculture is generally believed to be the most harmful.

It can fragment habitats in a variety of ways,reducing the number of pollinators,which in turn may reduce the number or size of the flowers,which of course affects the animals that feed on them.Exotic plant species not native to the area can move in and compete.Even bees brought in to pollinate crops can alter natural pollen dispersal systems of rainforest plants.

On the other hand,recent studies have shown that the disruption of one aspect of the pollination cycle doesn't usually lead to the extinction of other species.It turns out that plant-pollinator relationships are more adaptable to change than we thought.So really it is hard to know just how agriculture affects the pollination of plants.

二、Plants And Pollinators托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听植物学课上的部分讲座。女教授：当我们谈论传粉生态学时，我们谈论的是植物与其传粉者之间的关系。从植物的角度来看，理想的传粉者是一种食物不足、随时可以食用且匆忙的动物。另一方面，传粉者希望尽可能少的努力保持良好的食物。

这些因素有助于推动植物及其传粉者的进化，两者都依赖于这种平衡而微妙的关系。有时只有某些昆虫或鸟类才能为某些植物物种授粉。因此，要真正了解授粉生态学，必须研究花朵及其传粉者。让我们从花开始。有几个重要的因素与授粉有关：计划何时开花、多久开花一次、开花周期持续多久以及同时开放的花朵数量。例如，开花可能与为植物授粉的某些动物物种的迁移同时发生，或者一次开出许多花可能会增加植物吸引的授粉者数量。花的其他特征也很重要。颜色、气味和形状等特征吸引着传粉者，花朵、花粉或花蜜为传粉者提供食物也是如此。例如，吸引蝙蝠的花往往是绿色或米色的，因为能见度很重要。记住，蝙蝠实际上是瞎的。这些花在蝙蝠活跃的夜晚开花。

现在，亚马逊雨林中有一种花叫做皇家睡莲，它的花在授粉过程中会发生变化。皇家睡莲利用颜色、温度和气味吸引为其授粉的甲虫。当皇家睡莲的花第一次开放时，当它们第一次开花时，它们是白色的。它们还散发出强烈的气味，温度升高。产生热量有两个目的。

它能放大花的气味，帮助甲虫保持体温。当甲虫到达花朵时，花朵会在其周围关闭约24小时，这样甲虫就会被花粉覆盖。然后，当花朵开放时，它的颜色变为红色，并冷却下来。当甲虫飞出时，它会把花粉带到另一种加热的白色芳香花朵上。正如你所见，植物花了很多力气来吸引注意力。那么它们吸引了什么样的关注呢？为什么？嗯，有时花为昆虫提供庇护所，例如产卵的地方。

但通常吸引人的是食物：花蜜和花粉。花蜜主要是糖溶液，而花粉是由植物细胞结构的一部分组成的颗粒。在花蜜和花粉生产中，质量和数量随时间而变化。但它们总是与传粉者的需求相关。你可以看到传粉者和植物之间的关系是微妙的，因此任何数量的因素都可能干扰它们。人类发展是其中之一。人们普遍认为农业危害最大。

它可以以多种方式破坏栖息地，减少传粉者的数量，进而减少花朵的数量或大小，这当然会影响以花朵为食的动物。非本地的外来植物物种可以进入并竞争。即使是为农作物授粉的蜜蜂也会改变雨林植物的自然花粉传播系统。

另一方面，最近的研究表明，授粉周期的一个方面的破坏通常不会导致其他物种的灭绝。事实证明，植物与传粉者的关系比我们想象的更能适应变化。所以很难知道农业是如何影响植物授粉的。

三、Plants And Pollinators托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The effect of agriculture on pollinators

B.Threats to the pollination cycle in tropical rain forests

C.The relationship between plants and their pollinators

D.Various plant species in tropical rain forests that attract pollinators

Q2:2.What does the professor say is the ideal pollinator for a plant?

A.A pollinator that pollinates the plant during the pollinator's migration

B.A pollinator that is hungry and moves quickly

C.A pollinator that feeds on a variety of plants

D.A pollinator that moves slowly from flower to flower

Q3:3.According to the professor,what are some features of a flowering plant that can affect how attractive it is to pollinators?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The distance between the plants that have open flowers

B.The duration of the plant's flowering cycle

C.The amount of water the plant recently received

D.The number of flowers that bloom at the same time

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention bats?

A.To emphasize that mammals can also be pollinators

B.To help explain the role of flower color in attracting pollinators

C.To suggest that bats are not efficient pollinators

D.To explain why some bats do not benefit from flowers that bloom only at night

Q5:5.According to the lecture,what can be inferred about a royal water lily whose flowers are red?

A.Its flowers have already been pollinated.

B.Beetles are trapped inside of its flowers.

C.Its flowers will soon increase in temperature.

D.Its flowers have just closed.

Q6:6.What is the professor's opinion about the effect of agriculture on pollination ecology?

A.She fears the effect may be more widespread than previously believed.

B.She believes the effect will ultimately prove to be beneficial.

C.She thinks the harmfulness of agriculture may be overstated.

D.She is surprised there is so little research on the subject.

四、Plants And Pollinators托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：BD

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：A

A6:正确答案：C