Primary Colors托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Primary Colors托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Primary Colors托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a studio art class.

MALE PROFESSOR:OK...As-as you probably know,colors are,speaking,the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.But as you'll find out when you start working on your painting projects,the three primary colors–red,blue,yellow–don't always make the best secondary colors.

Combining red and blue,you'll probably never get a fantastic violet.To get a nice violet,you'll have to add white.  Combining yellow and blue,you'll almost never get a satisfactory green.You're better off using a pure green pigment....

The idea of"primary colors"–and specifically the idea of red,yellow,and blue being the primary colors–didn't exist until about 200 years ago.Until then,the dominant theory about color was one that had been proposed by Isaac Newton.Newton gave a scientific and objective explanation of colors.

He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.And he theorized,rightly so,that different colors are essentially different wavelengths of light.But he made no mention of"primary"colors.That idea came from–or was at least published by–a man named Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.Goethe was a well-known author;He wrote many famous novels,plays,poems.So why did he start thinking about colors?

Well,Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.And he was a Romantic,through and through,meaning that he explained objects and phenomena in terms of the spiritual,emotional impact they had,as opposed to explaining them in terms of their scientific nature.He rejected an objective understanding of color,in favor of a more subjective understanding.He believed that when we see color,it stimulates our emotions.And different colors appeal to or inspire different emotions in different people.FEMALE STUDENT:That sounds like psychology.MALE PROFESSOR:Well,color theory is used in psychology too.Some psychologists do use their field's version of color theory to diagnose and treat patients.Um...anyway,Goethe conducted a number of experiments trying to figure out which colors corresponded to which emotions.And in terms of that goal,he wasn't very successful.

But his experiments actually did show a lot about the relationships between colors themselves,about how colors change when placed next to other colors,about how they interact with one another.Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his findings...But Goethe wasn't really able to establish a clear connection between colors and emotions.Then,in 1806,he received a letter from a relatively unknown German artist,a painter named Philipp Otto Runge.In the letter,Runge outlined his own color theory,specifically the connections he made between colors and emotions.And his ideas about what colors symbolize,about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red,yellow and blue.

Runge's choice of red,yellow and blue had nothing to do with what we know from modern-day chromatics,it had to do with Runge's complex system of symbolism,his experience of nature,particularly with his experience of the quality of light at various times of the day,morning,noon and night.So each color had a specific symbolic value.Well,four years later,Goethe published a book entitled Color Lesson.In Color Lesson,Goethe COINCIDENTLY cites the same colors as primary colors.At this point,Goethe was already a well-known author,so he was easily able to popularize this idea of primary colors,and specifically the idea of red,yellow and blue as THE primary colors.FEMALE STUDENT:But he didn't mention Runge?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,he did put Runge's letter in the book,at the end.But he added a disclaimer implying that Runge's letter didn't influence his work.Apparently,what Goethe was saying was that they just HAPPENED TO come up with the same theory at the same time.

二、Primary Colors托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听录音室艺术课的一部分讲座。

男教授：好吧……正如你可能知道的那样，颜色是基本的颜色，所有其他颜色都可以从中产生。但是，当你开始绘画项目时，你会发现，三原色——红、蓝、黄——并不总是最好的二次色。

把红色和蓝色结合起来，你可能永远不会得到一个美妙的紫罗兰色。要得到漂亮的紫罗兰色，你必须加上白色&nbsp&nbsp；把黄色和蓝色结合起来，你几乎永远不会得到令人满意的绿色。你最好使用纯绿色颜料。。。。

“原色”的概念——特别是红色、黄色和蓝色作为原色的概念——直到大约200年前才存在。在此之前，关于颜色的主导理论是由艾萨克·牛顿提出的。牛顿对颜色给出了科学客观的解释。

他用棱镜将白光分解成光谱的各种颜色。他正确地提出了理论，不同的颜色本质上是不同波长的光。但他没有提到“原色”。这个想法来自——或者至少是由一位名叫约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德的人发表的。歌德是一位著名作家；他写了许多著名的小说、戏剧和诗歌。那他为什么开始考虑颜色呢？

歌德是西方文学中浪漫主义运动的一部分。他是一个浪漫主义者，彻头彻尾的，这意味着他解释对象和现象的精神和情感影响，而不是根据它们的科学性质来解释它们。他拒绝对颜色的客观理解，而支持更主观的理解。他认为，当我们看到颜色时，它会刺激我们的情绪。不同的颜色吸引或激发不同的人的不同情绪。女学生：听起来像心理学。男教授：嗯，颜色理论也用于心理学。一些心理学家确实使用他们领域的颜色理论来诊断和治疗患者。嗯……无论如何，歌德做了很多实验，试图找出哪些颜色对应于哪些情绪。就那个目标而言，他不是很成功。

但他的实验确实显示了很多关于颜色之间的关系，关于颜色放置在其他颜色旁边时如何变化，以及它们如何相互作用。如今，研究光学和色彩学的科学家仍然对他的发现感到惊讶……但歌德并没有真正建立起颜色和情感之间的明确联系。然后，在1806年，他收到了一封来自一位相对默默无闻的德国艺术家的信，一位名叫菲利普·奥托·伦格的画家。在信中，伦格概述了他自己的颜色理论，特别是他在颜色和情感之间的联系。他关于颜色象征什么以及不同颜色激发的情感的想法是基于红色、黄色和蓝色。

龙格对红色、黄色和蓝色的选择与我们从现代色彩学中了解到的东西无关，它与龙格复杂的象征系统有关，他对自然的体验，尤其是他对白天、早上、中午和晚上不同时间光线质量的体验。因此，每种颜色都有特定的符号值。四年后，歌德出版了一本名为《色彩课》的书。在色彩课上，歌德巧合地引用了与原色相同的颜色。在这一点上，歌德已经是一位著名的作家，因此他很容易地推广了原色的概念，特别是红色、黄色和蓝色作为原色的想法。女学生：但他没有提到伦格？男教授：嗯，他确实在书的最后写了朗格的信。但他补充了一份声明，暗示伦格的信没有影响他的工作。显然，歌德所说的是，他们碰巧在同一时间提出了相同的理论。

三、Primary Colors托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Various ways color theory is used in different fields

B.Various ways artists can use primary colors

C.Aspects of color theory that are subject of current research

D.The development of the first theory of primary colors

Q2:2.What does the professor imply about the usefulness of the theory of primary colors?

A.It is not very useful to artists.

B.It has been very useful to scientists.

C.It is more useful to artists than to psychologist.

D.It is more useful to modern-day artists than to artists in the past.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention Isaac Newton?

A.To show the similarities between early ideas in art and early ideas in science

B.To explain why mixing primary colors does not produce satisfactory secondary colors

C.To provide background information for the theory of primary colors

D.To point out the first person to propose a theory of primary colors

Q4:4.According to the professor,what were the results of Goethe’s experiments with color?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The experiments failed to a connection between colors and emotions.

B.The experiments showed useful connections between color and light.

C.The experiments provided valuable information about the relationships between colors.

D.The experiments were not useful until modern psychologists reinterpreted them.

Q5:5.According to the professor,why did Runge choose the colors red,yellow,and blues as the three primary colors?

A.He felt they represented natural light at different times of the day.

B.He noticed that they were the favorite colors of Romantic painters.

C.He performed several scientific experiments that suggested those colors.

D.He read a book by Goethe and agreed with Goethe’s choices of colors.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply when he says this:Apparently,what Goethe was saying was that they just happened to come up with the same theory at the same time.

A.Many people have proposed theories about primary colors.

B.Goethe discovered the primary colors by accident.

C.Goethe probably developed the primary color theory before reading Runge’s letter.

D.Goethe may have been influenced by Runge’s ideas about primary colors.

四、Primary Colors托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：A

A3:正确答案：C

A4:正确答案：AC

A5:正确答案：A

A6:正确答案：D