Dadasim托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Dadasim托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Dadasim托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.MALE PROFESSOR:All right.So last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.But I don't want you to think the ideas we introduced last time were limited to painting,sculpture,that sort of thing.So today I want to move beyond the visual arts and talk a bit about Dada in the performing arts,in theater.

But let's start by reviewing what Dada is,OK?As you will recall,Dada began in Switzerland,in the city of Zurich,in 1916.The artists who studied it were reacting against traditional notions of beauty,of reason,of progress,which had been standards of western thought since the 18th century.

They looked around.And well,I mean,the First World War was raging,so they didn't see much beauty,reason or progress in the world.Instead,they saw a world that was chaotic,random,a world that didn't make sense.And if that's the way the world was,well,they wanted their art to reflect that.So let's—let's review a couple of key ideas that were the backbone of Dada art.

First,the Dadaists wanted to completely reject the classical idea of art.Classical ideas like proportion,balance,all the things you think about when you think about great art."Great art"involved reason,the logic,the beauty that the Dadaists wanted to overthrow.

So,well,you know,to a Dadaist,classical artwork was a reflection of outdated thinking!That's why Dadaists created sculptures like the ones we saw last week.Remember the stool with the bicycle wheel mounted on top?I wouldn't exactly called that beautiful,would you?But of course it wasn't meant to be.That was the point!OK.So another key Dada idea we talked about was the embracing of randomness.Right?Uh,if life is random,said the Dadaists,why would we make art that has order and logic?And so we have that collage we looked at,with an artist took different,you know,cut-out squares of colored paper,threw them onto the canvas,and wherever they landed,that was the composition of the work!Another favorite of the Dadaists was something called chance poetry.A chance poet would pull words out of a hat and that would be,well,that would make up the poem!And this idea of chance and randomness was a key element of Dadaism because the whole world seemed so random to them.So now let's take a look at how Dadaist ideas represented to audiences in highly unconventional...well,I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events.I suppose you just have to call them shows.These shows started in Zurich in a place called the Cabaret Voltaire.The rejection of classical western art,well,you see this in the nature of what took place at the Cabaret Voltaire.They didn't put on plays or operas there.What they did was throw out all conventions.

They mixed everything and anything together.They would...it might start with somebody reading a poem.Then somebody else playing an instrument,followed by a display of paintings,followed by somebody else chanting,followed by somebody else banging on a big drum,and someone dressed in a robot costume jumping up and down.So it's not like a play.There's no real plot development here like you'd find in the traditional theatrical performance.The performers at the Cabaret Voltaire would also get the audience involved,which was extremely unusual.Think about a traditional play.The action's self-contained.The actors act as if there is no one watching,right?It's like a world unto itself.Well,at the Cabaret Voltaire,audience members could get up on stage and dance,or chant,or shout and sing from their seats.

And every night would be different,because there would be a different audience and a different set of acts and displays.So all these could get pretty chaotic.No barriers between the performers and the audience,and no barriers between kinds of art either.Think about it:poetry,paintings,music,dance...all on the same stage and often at the same time!

This is what the Dadaists had in mind.When they set out to make art that reflected their own idea of reality,it didn't make sense.But why should it?!

二、Dadasim托福听力中文翻译：

艺术运动的一部分叫做达达。但我不想让你认为我们上次介绍的想法仅限于绘画、雕塑之类的东西。所以今天我想超越视觉艺术，谈谈表演艺术和戏剧中的达达。

但让我们先回顾一下什么是达达，好吗？正如你所记得的，达达主义始于1916年的瑞士苏黎世。研究达达主义的艺术家们反对传统的美、理性和进步观念，这些观念自18世纪以来一直是西方思想的标准。

他们环顾四周。我的意思是，第一次世界大战正在肆虐，所以他们没有看到世界上有多少美丽、理性或进步。相反，他们看到了一个混乱、随机的世界，一个没有意义的世界。如果世界就是这样，那么他们希望他们的艺术能反映出这一点。所以，让我们回顾一下达达艺术的核心思想。

首先，达达主义者想要完全拒绝古典的艺术观念。古典观念，比如比例、平衡，当你思考伟大的艺术时，你想到的所有东西。“伟大的艺术”包括达达主义想要推翻的理性、逻辑和美。

所以，你知道，对达达主义者来说，古典艺术是过时思想的反映！这就是为什么达达主义者创造了我们上周看到的雕塑。还记得上面装着自行车轮子的凳子吗？我不会称之为美丽，对吧？但当然，这不是注定的。这就是重点！好的，我们讨论的另一个关键的达达思想是拥抱随机性。正当达达主义者说，如果生活是随机的，我们为什么要创造有秩序和逻辑的艺术？所以我们看到了这幅拼贴画，一位艺术家用不同的，你知道的，彩色纸剪下的方块，把它们扔到画布上，无论它们落在哪里，这就是作品的组成！达达主义者的另一个最爱是一种叫做偶然的诗歌。一个偶然的诗人会从帽子里掏出文字，那就是，好吧，这首诗就是这样写的！这种偶然性和随机性的观念是达达主义的一个关键因素，因为对他们来说，整个世界似乎都是随机的。现在让我们来看看达达主义思想是如何以非常非传统的方式呈现给观众的……我甚至不知道如何对这些戏剧事件进行分类。我想你只需要称之为表演。这些表演始于苏黎世一个叫做伏尔泰歌舞厅的地方。对西方古典艺术的排斥，你可以从伏尔泰酒店发生的事情中看到。那里没有上演戏剧或歌剧。他们所做的就是抛弃所有的习俗。

他们把一切都混在一起。他们会…可能从某人读诗开始。然后有人在演奏乐器，接着是画展，接着有人在唱歌，然后有人敲打大鼓，有人穿着机器人服装上下跳跃。所以这不像一出戏。这里没有像传统戏剧表演那样的情节发展。伏尔泰歌舞剧院的表演者也会让观众参与其中，这是极不寻常的。想想一部传统戏剧。动作是独立的。演员们表现得好像没有人在看，对吗？它就像一个自己的世界。好吧，在伏尔泰歌舞剧院，观众可以站在舞台上跳舞，或者唱圣歌，或者在座位上喊叫和唱歌。

每天晚上都会不同，因为会有不同的观众和不同的表演和表演。所以所有这些可能会变得相当混乱。表演者和观众之间没有障碍，各种艺术之间也没有障碍。想想看：诗歌、绘画、音乐、舞蹈……都在同一个舞台上，而且常常在同一时间！

这就是达达主义者的想法。当他们开始创作反映他们自己对现实的想法的艺术时，这毫无意义。但为什么要这样？！

三、Dadasim托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the historical conditions that inspired Dada artists

B.To discuss examples of Dada paintings and sculptures

C.To describe how Dada was presented theatrically

D.To show the influence of Dada on today’s performing artists

Q2:2.Why does the professor mention a stool with a bicycle wheel mounted on top?

A.To give an example of what Dadaists were reacting against

B.To show something that Dadaists would consider beautiful

C.To illustrate how Dadaists rejected the traditional definition of art

D.To explain the Dadaists'practice of creating sculptures from everyday objects

Q3:3.According to the professor,why did some Dadaist write poetry by pulling words out of a hat?

A.To reflect the randomness they saw in the world

B.To illustrate the connection between poetry performances and magic shows

C.To indicate that Dada should not be taken too seriously

D.To demonstrate that Dadaists did not need much formal training

Q4:4.What does the professor identify as aspects of traditional play?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Characters each have their own motivation.

B.A plot is developed.

C.The play consists of several acts.

D.Actors ignore the audience.

Q5:5.According to the professor,what contributed to the chaotic nature of the performances at the Cabaret Voltaire?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.There were no professional actors.

B.The script was torn up and allowed to fall to the floor during the performance.

C.Different art forms shared the same stage.

D.The performances varied from night to night.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this?

A.He does not approve of all the aspects of the shows.

B.He does not think the events can be easily defined.

C.He does not consider the shows to be authentic Dada.

D.He does not know enough about the events to categorize them

四、Dadasim托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：BD

A5:正确答案：CD

A6:正确答案：B