Two-party System托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

新托福听力难度大，题型多，而且听力和写作、口语等部分也相关联，可以说，是牵一发而动全身的地位。所以要想取得高分，需要以残酷的、毫无疑问的、不存在任何侥幸的听力实力为基础。那么关于“Two-party System托福听力原文翻译及问题答案”的内容，下面由小编来给大家分享。

Two-party System托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Two-party System托福听力原文：

M:At the heart of the system of government called“democracy”is the institution of elections.The electoral system is the basic machinery by which popular government is exercised.And at the heart of the electoral system are political parties that organize voters and compete for support on issues.Participating in democratic politics means joining or supporting a political party.It means taking sides on central political issues.Political parties are the mechanism for selecting candidates and gaining support at the polls.Parties vary significantly in different countries,but all parties have certain common features.Political parties are voluntary organizations,generally national in scope,made up of people who agree to some degree on public policies.In the United States and Canada,political parties are stable,and each party tends to embrace a wide range of views and interests.The democratic institutions of these countries operate essentially on a two-party system.Why a two-party system?Or,should I say why has the two-party system prevailed in so many democratic states?For one thing,the essence of politics is debate;there must be someone to debate with.A one-party system means one party monopolizes power and talks only to itself.A one-party system can only be totalitarian,and therefore quite distinct from democracy.Yes,Sandra?

W:Isn’t it true that another reason we have two parties is because,uh,because liberal and conservative attitudes are basic human—uh,I mean they’re a basic part of our nature.In fact,almost everything that we think or do seems to come down to having—to there being two different ways of seeing the world.

M:That’s an interesting idea.We even have the saying,“There are two sides to every coin.”In every democratic society,there are generally two dominant parties—one for each side of the coin.In the United States,it’s the Democrats and the Republicans.In Canada,it’s the Liberals and the Conservatives.In both countries,the two parties are balanced enough so the minority party can become the majority by gaining an additional small share of the votes.The two parties have lasted so long because they have the ability to adjust to changes in events and in public opinion.But in addition to the two major parties,there are also several smaller parties on the margins of political power.There are lots of political factions that sometimes compete at elections.Parties are closely associated with various pressure groups,interest groups,lobbies,occupational organizations,and other groups that want to influence the decisions of the state.The purpose of each major party is to capture the legislative and executive organs of the state in order to get the party’s policies accepted.The aim of parties is to win elections.However,winning an election isn’t the same thing as capturing the power of the state.What really happens is,the state captures the winning party.Why is this?Well,for one thing,the experience of government tends to soften the contrasts of political debate.Government is a responsible business,while politics is a game with teams competing for victory.

W:Excuse me,Dr.Reed,but isn’t it—I mean,then what you’re really saying is,government and politics aren’t the same thing.You said that government is a serious business,but politics is like a game.

M:Right!Politics is a game.In politics,teams and individuals take risks,and there are winners and losers.Competition is the essence of politics.But with government,collaboration and compromise are necessary because the job has got to get done.So,why do we need political parties?We need parties because,for one reason,the process of policy formation takes place there.Parties maintain research offices and establish connections with press and citizens groups.This is how political parties develop information and thinking on major issues.The major parties retain enough differences so they can appeal to different groups of voters,and so they can offer alternatives to the independent voters who don’t vote purely on the basis of party loyalty.However,the party platforms tend to balance each other in the types of issues they take up.For example,when one party introduces a plan for education reform,the other party generally takes up education as well.

二、Two-party System托福听力中文翻译：

M：被称为“民主”的政府体系的核心是选举制度。选举制度是人民政府行使权力的基本机制。选举制度的核心是组织选民并在问题上争夺支持的政党。参与民主政治意味着加入或支持一个政党。这意味着在核心政治问题上偏袒一方。政党是选择候选人并在投票中获得支持的机制。不同国家的缔约方差异很大，但所有缔约方都有某些共同特征。政党是自愿组织，通常是全国性的，由在某种程度上同意公共政策的人组成。在美国和加拿大，政党是稳定的，每个政党都倾向于接受广泛的观点和利益。这些国家的民主体制基本上是在两党制的基础上运作的。为什么是两党制？或者，我应该说，为什么两党制在这么多民主国家盛行？首先，政治的本质是辩论；一定有人可以辩论。一党制意味着一方垄断权力，只与自己对话。一党制只能是极权主义，因此与民主截然不同。是的，桑德拉？

W：我们有两党的另一个原因是，嗯，因为自由主义和保守主义的态度是人类的基本态度，嗯，我的意思是，它们是我们本性的基本组成部分。事实上，几乎我们所想或所做的一切似乎都归结为有两种不同的看待世界的方式。

M：这是一个有趣的想法。我们甚至有这样一句话：“每枚硬币都有两面。”在每个民主社会中，通常都有两个占主导地位的政党，硬币的每一面都有一个。在美国，是民主党和共和党。在加拿大，是自由党和保守党。在这两个国家，两党都足够平衡，因此少数党可以通过获得额外的少量选票而成为多数党。两党之所以能持续这么长时间，是因为他们有能力适应事件和舆论的变化。但除了这两个主要政党之外，还有几个处于政治权力边缘的较小政党。有很多政治派别有时会在选举中进行竞争。政党与各种压力团体、利益团体、游说团体、职业组织和其他希望影响国家决策的团体密切相关。每个主要政党的目的都是夺取国家的立法和行政机关，以使该党的政策得到接受。政党的目标是赢得选举。然而，赢得选举与夺取国家权力并不是一回事。真正发生的是，国家抓住了获胜的一方。为什么会这样？首先，政府的经验往往会缓和政治辩论的对比。政府是一个负责任的企业，而政治是一场团队争夺胜利的游戏。

W：对不起，里德博士，但不是吗？我的意思是，那么你真正想说的是，政府和政治不是一回事。你说政府是一项严肃的事业，但政治就像一场游戏。

M：对！政治是一场游戏。在政治中，团队和个人都要冒险，有赢家也有输家。竞争是政治的本质。但与政府合作和妥协是必要的，因为这项工作必须完成。那么，我们为什么需要政党呢？我们需要政党，因为有一个原因，政策制定的过程就发生在那里。缔约方设有研究办公室，并与新闻界和公民团体建立联系。这就是政党在重大问题上发展信息和思考的方式。主要政党保留了足够的分歧，这样他们就可以吸引不同的选民群体，也就可以为那些不纯粹基于政党忠诚投票的独立选民提供替代方案。然而，政党纲领往往在所涉及的问题类型上相互平衡。例如，当一方提出教育改革计划时，另一方通常也会接受教育。

三、Two-party System托福听力问题：

Q1:1.How does the professor develop the topic of political parties?

A.By comparing the goals of different parties&nbsp

B.By promoting the views of a specific party

C.By describing parties in a two-party system&nbsp

D.By explaining how to organize a party

Q2:2.Why does the professor say this:

A.To test the students’knowledge of parties

B.To find out which party the students support

C.To introduce a point that he will make

D.To show that all states have a two-party system

Q3:3.What does the professor imply about political parties?

A.Parties make decisions based on the interests of several organizations.

B.Parties can never accomplish everything that they would like to do.

C.Parties carry on their work through the efforts of unpaid volunteers.

D.Parties are necessary in the exercise of democracy in national states.

Q4:What does the professor mean when he saysthis:

A.It is possible to enjoy politics but dislike government at the same time.

B.A political party cares about major issues,but a government doesn’t care.

C.Politics is about competition,while government is about responsibility.

D.Elections and government are like two sides of the same coin.

Q5:Why does the professor say this:

A.To show how major parties usually deal with the same issues

B.To suggest that both parties should give education more attention

C.To contrast the philosophy and methods of opposing parties

D.To point out which party is more concerned with education

四、Two-party System托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：A