Geography剑桥雅思8听力-原文翻译及答案解析

一、Geography 听力原文：

So, welcome to your introductory geography lecture.

We'll begin with some basics.

Firstly, what do we learn by studying geography?

Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth’s  surface.

But we learn far more than that, because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular  environment and the people that live there.

Okay.

We like to think of geography as having two main branches.

There's the study of the nature of our planet - its physical features, what it actually looks like - and then there's the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the  impact of those on our planet.

Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.

But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we'll be looking at each of these in turn throughout this semester.

These include bio-physical geography, by which I mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things.

Then there's topography -that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans.

There's the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people.

We have economic geography - in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use -agriculture, for example.

Next comes historical geography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time - and  urban geography, an aspect I'm particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of dties, the services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities.

And lastly, we have cartography.

That's the art and science of mapmaking.

You'll be doing a lot of that!

So, to summarise before we continue, we now have our key answer...

studying this subject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify all the  problems that relate to them.

So, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.

Okay, now for some practicalities.

What do geographers actually do?

Well, we collect data to begin with!

You'll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip!

How do we do this?

There are several means.

We might, for example, conduct a census - count a population in a given area perhaps.

We also need  images of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays.

We've come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.

After we've gathered our information, we must analyse it!

We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences.

This kind of information helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in.

But we don't keep all this information confidential.

We then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it.

And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps.

You'll all have used one at some stage of your life already.

Let's consider the benefits of maps from a geographer's perspective.

Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they're collected into an atlas.

They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater detail.

But there is a drawback.

You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there'll always be a certain degree of distortion on a map.

It can't be avoided.

We can also use aerial photographs ...

pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth.

These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground.

You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much  traffic is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.

Then there are Landsats.

These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations.

They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information - you'll all be familiar with the information they give us about the  weather, for example.

So, what we're going to do now is look at a short presentation in which you'll see all these tools…

二、Geography 听力中文翻译：

所以，欢迎来到你们的地理入门讲座。

我们将从一些基础知识开始。

首先，我们通过学习地理学到了什么？

好吧，我们了解了很多影响和继续影响地球表面的所有过程。

但我们学到的远不止这些，因为学习地理还告诉我们在特定环境和生活在那里的人之间发展的各种关系。

可以

我们喜欢认为地理学有两个主要分支。

研究我们星球的性质——它的物理特征，它的实际外观——然后研究我们选择的生活方式以及这些方式对我们星球的影响。

我们目前使用的碳燃料就是一个很好的例子。

但也有更具体的学习领域需要考虑，我们将在本学期轮流研究其中的每一个领域。

其中包括生物自然地理学，我指的是对自然环境及其所有生物的研究。

然后是地形，它反映了陆地和海洋的形状。

当然，还有政治地理学和社会地理学的研究，这是对人的社区的研究。

我们有经济地理学，我们在其中研究各种资源及其使用，例如农业。

接下来是历史地理学，即对人们及其环境和互动方式的理解在一段时间内发生了变化，以及城市地理学，这是我特别感兴趣的一个方面，其重点是DTIE的位置、这些城市提供的服务以及人们进出这些城市的迁移。

最后，我们还有制图。

这就是地图绘制的艺术和科学。

你会做很多的！

所以，在我们继续之前总结一下，我们现在有了我们的关键答案。。。

研究这门学科很重要，因为如果没有地理知识，我们对周围的环境知之甚少，也无法确定所有与之相关的问题。

因此，从定义上讲，我们无法了解如何解决这些问题。

好了，现在来看看实际情况。

地理学家实际上做什么？

首先，我们收集数据！

在你的第一次实地考察中，你会做很多这样的事情！

我们该怎么做？

有几种方法。

例如，我们可以进行一次人口普查——或许可以统计某一特定地区的人口。

我们还需要地球表面的图像，我们可以通过计算机生成技术或借助卫星中继制作这些图像。

我们已经从早期的帆船探索世界走了很长的路，那时地理学家只有纸和笔可以使用。

在我们收集了信息之后，我们必须对其进行分析！

我们需要寻找模式，最常见的是因果模式。

这类信息帮助我们预测和解决可能影响我们生活的世界的问题。

但我们不会对所有这些信息保密。

然后，我们需要公布我们的研究结果，以便其他人可以访问并了解它。

发布这些信息的一种方式是以地图的形式。

在你们生命的某个阶段，你们都会使用一个。

让我们从地理学家的角度来考虑地图的好处。

地图可以折叠起来放在口袋里，当收集到地图册中时，可以提供大量参考资料。

如果必要的话，他们可以描述整个行星的物理特征，或者更详细地描述它的一小部分。

但也有一个缺点。

你不能在一张平面纸上精确地复制三维的东西，比如我们的星球，因为纸只有二维，这意味着地图上总是会有一定程度的扭曲。

这是不可避免的。

我们也可以用航空照片。。。

在地球上方高空拍摄的照片。

这些地图非常适合显示地面上不容易看到的各种地理特征。

例如，您可以很容易地说明患病树木的区域，或在给定时间道路上的交通量，或有关深海床的信息。

还有陆地卫星。

这些卫星环绕地球运行，向接收站的计算机传输视觉信息。

它们一天绕地球几圈，可以提供大量的信息——例如，你们都会熟悉它们给我们的有关天气的信息。

所以，我们现在要做的是看一个简短的演示，在其中您将看到所有这些工具

三、Geography 听力问题：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Geography

Studying geography helps us to understand:

? the effects of different processes on the of the Earth

? the dynamic between and population

Two main branches of study:

? physical features

? human lifestyles and their

Specific study areas: biophysical, topographic, political, social, economic, historical and  geography, and also cartography

Key point: geography helps us to understand our surroundings and the associated

What do geographers do?

? find data - e.g. conduct censuses, collect information in the form of

using computer and satellite technology

? analyse data - identify e.g. cause and effect

? publish findings in form of:

a) maps

-easy to carry

-can show physical features of large and small areas -BUT a two-dimensional map will always have some

b) aerial photos

-can show vegetation problems, density, ocean floor etc.

c) Landsat pictures sent to receiving stations

-used for monitoring conditions etc.

四、Geography 听力答案：

31.surface

32.environment

33.impact / impacts / effect / effects

34.urban

35.problems

36.images

37.patterns

38.distortion / distortions

39.traffic

40.weather

五、Geography 听力答案解析

31. surface　此题可以通过题干中的 process 和 Earth 来定位就可以找出答案。笔记填空题的技巧就在于考生能否找到定位词。

32. environment　此题寻找定位词相对比较困难，考生在听力原文中听到 because 引导的句子之后应提高警惕。除此之外，在听力原文中 ...the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environment and the people that live there 的意思是一个特定的环境和在这个环境中生存的人之间发展的不同种类的关系。此意和题干中的 the dynamic between environment and population 表达相同的意思。在这段听力原文中理解题干中 dynamic 这个单词的意思对于解题至关重要。在这个语境中 dynamic 是名词，表示人或者事物在特定的情况下的行为或者反应。

33. impact(s) / effect(s)　此题的定位词是 physical features，并且可以判断出需要填写的是名词。因而，不难判断出答案。

34. urban　此题的定位词是 economic, 还有 historical。并且此题需要填写的是形容词。另外，在录音中考生可以明显地听出考官重读 urban geography 之前出现了一个短暂的停顿。在听力考试中，只要出现停顿并且重读，那么就意味着答案。

35. problems　原文中 ...we know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them. 的意思是我们关于周围的环境了解甚少，并且我们不能确认和环境相关的问题。而题干中的 associated 和原文中的 related 是同义表达，因而可以选出答案是 problems。

36. images　本题的定位词是 census，出现在听力原文中。另外，原文 We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays. 的意思是我们还需要地球表面的图片，这些图片可以通过电脑再生技术产生或者也可以在卫星转播的帮助下完成。而题干中出现的 in the form of 之后应该填写名词，另外，根据后面出现的 computer and satellite technology 可以判断出答案是 images。

37. patterns　此题是典型的定位词后置题目。这道题的定位词是 cause and effect, 在听力原文中出现了 We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences.，其中 consequence 和 effect 是同义词，因而，此题可以判断出答案是 patterns。

38. distortion(s)　此题的定位词是 two-dimensional，根据这个提示在原文 ...because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortion on a map. 中发现答案应该是 distortion(s)。

39. traffic　原文 ...how much traffic is on the roads... 和 traffic density 都表达交通繁忙程度。

40. weather　首先专有名词 Landsat 是定位词，另外，在听力原文 ...you’ll all be familiar with the information they give us about the weather, for example 中出现了 for example，在听力考试中往往例子本身就是正确答案。