Seminar on Rock Art剑桥雅思7听力-原文翻译及答案解析

一、Seminar on Rock Art听力原文：

Good afternoon,everyone!

This is the first seminar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia;

we are fantastically lucky to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute,so I shall expect 200%attention and participation from you all.

First in this seminar,I'm going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art,and in the second part I'm going to give you some do's and don'ts for our fieldwork trip in April-so please listen very carefully.

I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia.

We are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world.

And I hope to show you how easy it is for everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our own-the first and most important lesson we have to learn.

In Namibia there are both paintings and engravings-that's where the surface of the rock is cut out.

Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious:this rock art was like a school book with pictures to teach children about tracks:which track belonged to which animal-giraffe,lion and so on.

But there were some mysteries.

First,when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving,you see the tracks are repeated,there are dozens of tracks for the same animal.

You'd expect just one clear illustration if the reason-the aim-was to teach tracking.

Now there were two more problems.

Why are some of the engravings of animals very accurate as you'd expect-all clearly identifiable-and others quite unrealistic?

And another mystery-some of these unrealistic animals-that's in the engravings-seem to be half human.

Some,for example,have got human faces.

Many researchers now think that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves.

They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn,so the hunters could then catch them for food.

This shows you some of the dangers of coining from one culture to another,as we’ll be doing,without understanding it fully.

Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track-just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures;

many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more complex purpose.

And we’ll talk more about it next week!

Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar,I'd like to make some very important points about our fieldwork-and in fact any field trip to look at rock art.

We're going to a number of sites,and we won't always be together.

The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is-yes,Tm sure you've guessed-damage caused by visitors,even though it's usually unintentional.

Whenever you do go to a site,don't forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it.

This can really help to reduce visitor pressure.

People often say,'Well,there's only two of us and just this one time’,but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.

And then some basic rules to guide you-we'll have our own camp near a village,but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own.

It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture,and certainly don't make fires,however romantic it may seem.

It's really dangerous in dry areas’and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.

So,how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip?

By looking at it,drawing it and photographing it–NEVER by touching it or even tracing it.

Rock art is fragile and precious.

Remember that climbing on rocks and in caves can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries.

So no heroics in Namibia,please!

Try to be extra careful and help others to be too.

And lastly please don't even move rocks or branches to take photographs–you should leave the site intact–I’m sure I can rely on you to do that.

Well,that’s about all I want to say before today's first discussion,but if you have any questions please ask them now-and don't forget you'll find some fascinating information about world-wide sites on the Internet.

Right,first question then?

二、Seminar on Rock Art听力中文翻译：

大家下午好！

这是为我们在纳米比亚的考古实地工作准备的第一次研讨会；

我们非常幸运地从我们的研究所获得了这次旅行的部分研究资金，所以我希望你们能全力以赴，全力以赴。

首先，在本次研讨会上，我将简要介绍当代摇滚艺术研究，在第二部分中，我将向大家介绍我们4月份实地考察的一些注意事项，请大家仔细倾听。

我首先将重点放在纳米比亚的岩画解读上。

我们很幸运能去一个你能找到全世界一些最重要景点的地方。

我希望向大家展示，对于每个人来说，在看待不同于我们自己的文化时，犯错误是多么容易——这是我们必须学习的第一个也是最重要的一课。

在纳米比亚，有绘画和雕刻，这是岩石表面被切割的地方。

许多版画上都有动物的脚印，大多数学者过去认为，这些版画的目的很简单，也很明显：这幅岩画就像一本有图画的教科书，教孩子们关于轨迹的知识：哪一条轨迹属于哪一种动物——长颈鹿、狮子等等。

但也有一些谜团。

首先，当你看一幅典型的纳米比亚绘画或雕刻作品时，你会看到轨迹重复，同一种动物有几十条轨迹。

如果原因——目的——是教跟踪，那么你只需要一个清晰的例子。

现在还有两个问题。

为什么有些动物版画像你所期望的那样非常精确——都可以清楚地辨认出来——而另一些则很不现实？

而另一个谜团——一些不切实际的动物——在雕刻中——似乎是半个人类。

例如，有些人有人脸。

许多研究人员现在认为这些是智者为自己雕刻的照片。

他们相信他们可以用魔法控制他们所画的动物，这样猎人就可以捕捉它们作为食物。

这向您展示了从一种文化创造到另一种文化的一些危险，正如我们将要做的那样，没有完全理解它。

学者们认为，孩子们看岩画是为了学习追踪——仅仅因为他们自己从画中学到了技巧；

许多研究人员现在认为，岩画的目的要复杂得多。

下周我们将对此进行更多讨论！

现在，在我邀请你们参加研讨会第二部分的讨论之前，我想就我们的实地工作提出一些非常重要的观点，事实上，任何考察岩画的实地考察都是如此。

我们要去很多地方，但我们不会一直在一起。

管理网站的人面临的最大问题是——是的，你一定猜到了——访客造成的破坏，尽管这通常是无意的。

无论何时你去一个地方，不要忘记你可以通过远距离观察而不是到处走来学到很多东西。

这确实有助于减轻游客的压力。

人们经常说，‘嗯，只有我们两个人，只有这一次’，但也许成千上万的人都在说同样的话。

然后是一些基本规则来指导你——我们会在村庄附近有自己的营地，但记住，如果你自己去的话，千万不要在一个地方露营。

这可能是对那种文化的人的不尊重，当然也不要生火，不管它看起来多么浪漫。

在干旱地区，这真的很危险，你可以很容易地燃烧无价的未被发现的材料。

那么，我们在野外旅行中如何欣赏岩画呢？

看着它，画它，拍它——永远不要触摸它，甚至不要追踪它。

岩画是脆弱而珍贵的。

记住，在岩石上和洞穴中攀爬可以瞬间摧毁已经持续了几个世纪的东西。

所以请不要在纳米比亚做英雄！

尽量格外小心，帮助别人也这样做。

最后，请不要移动岩石或树枝拍照，你应该保持原封不动，我相信你可以做到这一点。

好了，在今天的第一次讨论之前，我想说的就这些，但是如果你有任何问题，请现在问他们，不要忘记你会在互联网上找到一些关于全球网站的迷人信息。

好吧，那么第一个问题是什么？

三、Seminar on Rock Art听力问题：

Question 31-35

Complete the notes below.

Write ONLY ONE WORD for each answer.

SEMINAR ON ROCK ART

Preparation for fieldwork trip to Namibia in Rock art in Namibia may be

paintings

engravings

Earliest explanation of engravings of animal footprints

They were used to help learn about tracking

But:

Why are the tracks usually?

Why are some engravings realistic and others unrealistic?Why are the unrealistic animals sometimes half

More recent explanation:

Wise men may have been trying to control wild animals with

Comment:

Earlier explanation was due to scholars over-generalising from their experience of different culture.

Question 36-40

Complete the sentences below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

36 If you look at a site from a,you reduce visitor pressure.

37 To camp on a site may be disrespectful to people from that

38 Undiscovered material may be damaged by

39 You should avoid or tracing rock art as it is so fragile.

40 In general,your aim is to leave the site

四、Seminar on Rock Art听力答案：

31.April

32.children

33.repeated

34.human

35.magic

36.distance

37.culture

38.fire/fires

39.touching

40.intact

五、Seminar on Rock Art听力答案解析

31.April从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为时间。根据录音中的信息...I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April...可确定答案为April。注意April“四月”，月份为专有名词，首字母须大写。

32.children从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为表示一类人的名词。根据录音中的信息...this rock art was like a school book with pictures to teach children about tracks...可确定答案为children。

33.repeated从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为动词的被动语态结构。试卷上but后是并列的三个疑问句，此题是第1个问题，根据录音中的信息...you see the tracks are repeated...,对应试卷上已经出现的信息,确定答案为repeated。

34.human从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为被half修饰的名词。当录音中讲座者说And another mystery...时，预示着新的问题出现，接着讲座者介绍说...that’s in the engravings—seem to be half human.，可确定答案为human。

35.magic从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词。根据录音中的信息They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn...，对应试卷上已出现的信息，确定答案为magic。

36.distance从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为可数名词的单数。根据录音中的信息...you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it.This can really help to reduce visitor pressure.，对应试卷上已出现的信息，observe对应试卷上的look at,确定答案为distance。

37.culture从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为名词。根据信息It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture...，对应试卷已经给出的信息，确定答案为culture。

38.fire(s)在说完第37题后，讲座者紧接着介绍说...and certainly don’t make fires...It’s really dangerous in dry areas,and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.，对应试卷上已给出的信息，确定答案为fires。

39.touching从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为动词，但空前的信息词为avoid,avoid后面要跟doing sth.，所以要注意答案的准确度。录音中讲座者提到By looking at it,drawing it and photographing it—NEVER by touching it or even tracing it.，对应试卷上已出现的信息，确定答案为touching。

40.intact从试卷已给出的信息分析，此处要具体锁定的答案信息为某种状态。根据录音中的信息...don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs—you should leave the site intact...，对应试卷上已出现的信息，确定答案为intact。