The Future of Management剑桥雅思10听力-原文翻译及答案解析

一、The Future of Management 听力原文：

Well, I’ve been talking to managers in a number of businesses, and reading surveys about the future of management.

And what I’m going to present in this seminar is a few ideas about how the activity is likely to change in the next ten years.

It isn't a scientific, statistical analysis—just some ideas for us to discuss.

One area I want to mention is business markets, and I'm sure a really significant development will be  a major increase in competition, with companies from all round the world trying to sell similar products.

Consumers will have much more choice—for instance, food products sold in Australia might be manufactured in the USA, China, Finland and dozens of other countries.

At the same time, mergers and takeovers mean that  governments are actually losing power to major global corporations.

We can probably all think of companies that exert a great deal of influence, which may be good for consumers.

A third point I want to make about markets is that  in the rapidly expanding economies, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia, demand is growing very fast.

This is putting pressure on resources all over the world.

I think businesses are becoming more open to external influences.

In particular,  companies are consulting customers more and more before making their business decisions.

Companies are finding out what they want and providing it, instead of making products and then trying to sell them, which is the model of years ago.

Another influence is that  concerns about the environment will force manufacturers to extend product lifecycles, to reduce the amount of pollution and waste.

And in some cases, regulation will need to be strengthened.

Many societies are much more fluid and democratic, and the structure of companies is changing to reflect that.

I think we’re going to see a greater emphasis within companies on teams created with a specific project in mind.

And when they’re completed, the teams will be disbanded and new ones formed.

More and more people see work as simply one part of their lifestyle, and not the most important one, and as the workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants.

Typical examples that will attract and retain staff are traditional ones like flexible hours and—something that has been made possible by advances in technology—remote working, with people based at their home, abroad, or almost anywhere they choose.

Management styles will almost certainly continue to change.

Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency that they’ve always needed.

Above all they'll need great skills in leadership, so that their organisation can initiate and respond to change in a fast-moving world, where they face lots of competing requirements and potential conflicts.

In most of the world, the senior managers of large businesses are mainly men in their fifties and sixties.

The predominant style of management will almost certainly become more consultative and collaborative, caused above all, by more women moving into senior management positions.

Many of the changes are influenced by developments in the wider economy.

The traditional emphasis of business was manufacturing, and of course the service sector is very important.

But we shouldn’t overlook the growing financial contribution of IP, that is, intellectual property.

Some books and films generate enormous sums from the sale of related DVDs, music, games, clothes, and so on.

Another point I'd like to make is that although I've been talking about companies, one trend that they have to face is the move away from people working for the same employer for years.

Instead, more and more people are becoming self-employed, to gain the freedom and control over their lives that they're unlikely to get from being employed.

OK, well that's all I want to say, so let's open it up for discussion.

二、The Future of Management 听力中文翻译：

嗯，我一直在与许多企业的经理交谈，并阅读有关管理未来的调查。

我将在本次研讨会上介绍一些关于未来十年该活动可能发生的变化的想法。

这不是一个科学的统计分析，只是一些供我们讨论的想法。

我想提到的一个领域是商业市场，我相信一个真正重大的发展将是竞争的大幅增加，来自世界各地的公司都在尝试销售类似的产品。

消费者将有更多的选择，例如，在澳大利亚销售的食品可能在美国、中国、芬兰和其他几十个国家生产。

与此同时，兼并和收购意味着政府实际上正在向大型跨国公司失去权力。

我们可能都会想到那些对消费者有很大影响的公司。

关于市场，我想说的第三点是，在快速扩张的经济体中，如印度、中国、巴西和俄罗斯，需求增长非常快。

这给全世界的资源带来了压力。

我认为企业对外部影响越来越开放。

尤其是，公司在做出商业决策之前，越来越多地咨询客户。

公司正在发现他们想要什么并提供它，而不是制造产品然后试图销售，这是多年前的模式。

另一个影响是，对环境的担忧将迫使制造商延长产品生命周期，以减少污染和浪费。

在某些情况下，需要加强监管。

许多社会更加流动和民主，公司的结构也在变化以反映这一点。

我认为，我们将看到公司内部更加重视为特定项目创建团队。

完成后，团队将解散并组建新团队。

越来越多的人认为工作只是他们生活方式的一部分，而不是最重要的一部分。随着一些国家劳动力的减少，企业不得不竞争员工，而不能在众多申请人中进行选择。

吸引和留住员工的典型例子是传统的做法，如灵活的工作时间，以及技术进步使远程工作成为可能，远程工作人员可以在国内、国外或几乎任何他们选择的地方工作。

管理风格几乎肯定会继续改变。

高级管理人员需要的不仅仅是他们一直需要的效率。

最重要的是，他们需要优秀的领导技能，以便他们的组织能够在快速变化的世界中发起并应对变化，在这个世界上，他们面临着许多相互竞争的要求和潜在的冲突。

在世界大多数地区，大型企业的高级管理人员主要是五六十岁的男性。

主要的管理风格几乎肯定会变得更加协商和协作，这首先是因为更多的女性进入高级管理职位。

许多变化都受到更广泛经济发展的影响。

商业的传统重点是制造业，当然服务业非常重要。

但是，我们不应该忽视知识产权不断增长的财政贡献，即知识产权。

一些书籍和电影从相关DVD、音乐、游戏、服装等的销售中产生了巨额收入。

我想说的另一点是，尽管我一直在谈论公司，但他们必须面对的一个趋势是，离开为同一雇主工作多年的人。

相反，越来越多的人成为自营职业者，以获得他们不太可能从就业中获得的自由和生活控制权。

好吧，这就是我想说的，让我们把它打开讨论。

三、The Future of Management 听力问题：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT

Business markets

greateramong companiesincrease in power of large companiesrisingin certain countries

External influences on businesses

more discussion with before making business decisionsenvironmental concerns which may lead to more

Business structures

more teams will be formed to work on a particular businesses may need to offer hours that are , or the chance to work remotely

Management styles

increasing need for managers to provide good changes influenced by taking senior roles

Changes in the economy

service sector continues to be importantincreasing value of intellectual propertymore and more workers

四、The Future of Management 听力答案：

31.competition

32.global

33.demand

34.customers

35.regulation

36.project

37.flexible

38.leadership

39.women

40.self-employed

五、The Future of Management 听力答案解析

31.competition　当听到One area I want to mention is business markets，就要准备填写第31 题的答案。紧接着听到a really significant development will be，注意在这之后必有答案。接下来需要听懂major increase 的意思是“重大的增长”，再加上后文的with companies from all round the world，分别对应题干中的greater 和among companies，因此答案为competition。

32.global　本题的难度较大，因为global 读得很快，且并不明显。首先明确题目increase in power of large...companies 的意为“大型……公司的力量增长”。接着需要听懂两个在商业场景中经常出现的词：merger（两个公司合并）以及takeover（接管，收购），以便更好地与后半句的意思相联系。紧接着马上提到governments are actually losing power to...，后面即是答案的所在处major global corporation。此处major 对应题干中的large，corporations 对应题干中的companies，因此答案为global。

33.demand　本题很容易错将economies 作为答案，实际上in the rapidly expanding（扩张膨胀）economics 这个状语成分并不是句子的重点所在，后面的主句demand is growing very fast 里的demand 才是作者引出的重点，此处growing 对应题干中的rising，因此答案为demand 。

34.customers　本题前面的关键词external influence（外部影响）在录音中清晰地呈现出来，因此不难定位到第34 题。但随后的consulting 才是解题的关键，如果明确它的意思为“商议”，对应题干中的discussion，就不难确定答案为customers。另外，本题后半部分的结构before making business decisions 与录音原文也基本保持一致，对于确定答案帮助很大。本题需要特别留意名词的单复数问题，考生需要注意customers 结尾的s，只有填写完整，答案才正确。

35.regulation　本题是整个Section 4 中难度最大的一道题目，因为题干的句子在录音中进行了很大的改装，需要听懂相关单词及句型才能填对答案。首先，本题很容易误填lifecycles，因为许多考生听到extend（延长），就以为对应了题目中的more，但lifecycles 的意思是“生命周期”，是不能与more 搭配的，从这个角度判断，就很容易知道lifecycles 并非答案。紧接着后文提到pollution，需要注意的是reduce the amount of pollution and waste，并不是污染变得更多，所以也不能填。最后听到regulation will need to be strengthened（规章制度的管理需要加强），这里需要听懂strengthen 才能确定答案为regulation。此外，后文提到的more fluid（容易改变的）and democratic（民主的）均为干扰答案，因为此时句子的主语已经换成many societies，已经不再讨论环境问题。

36.project　首先听到录音里讲到the structure of companies，提示已经移动到第36 题。

题干more teams will be formed to work on a particular.... 意为“更多团队将会被成立去为一个特别的……工作”。在此理解之上，听到录音说a greater emphasis within companies on teams 后面的created with a specific project，是过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的teams，即teams (which are) created with a specific project，整句的意思是“公司更大的重心会在为某个特殊项目而成立的团队上”，因此答案为project。

37.flexible　本题对于词汇的要求较高，很容易出现不知道听到哪里而错过答案的情况。

首先需要听懂workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants（在一些国家，劳动力在缩减，公司必须为获得员工而竞争，而无法在一大群候选人中进行选择）。后文提到典型的例子（typical examples）是通过flexible hours（灵活的工作时间）来attract and retain staff（吸引和留住员工），因此答案为flexible。

38.leadership　本题的干扰信息较多。首先听到management styles 提示已经移动到第38 题。efficiency 很容易被错认为是答案，因为在它前面有单词more，似乎对应题干中的increasing，但要注意整句是Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency，因此继续往后听到Above all（最重要的）they’ll need greater skills in leadership，此时可以确定答案为leadership。另外，还需注意后面的干扰信息organisation 并不是正确答案，而只是对leadership（领导力）的扩展说明，leadership 才是最核心的意思。

39.women　本题的难度较小，因为句型没有发生太大变化。题干中的influenced by 是一个被动结构，录音中同样也是使用被动结构caused above all, by more women moving into senior management positions。需要注意的是，题目的要求是只能填写一个单词，因此不要把more 也一起写进空格。

40.self-employed　对于第40 题来说最重要的是不要漏题，因为是将单独的一题放在了最后一页，因此当听到录音还在继续时，要注意翻看后面是否仍有题目。本题的答案不难被听到more and more people are becoming self-employed，但需要注意答案的细节，因为本题需要填写形容词，self-employed 结尾的ed 不要忘写。